On the Allowance and Presents of Rulers
It is related from Khawlah, the Helper, that she said, 'The Apostle of God said, "Verily there are men who unjustly appropriate part of God's money. For them will be the fire on the day of resurrection."'—Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿAbduʾlláh bin ʿAmr that he said, 'The Apostle of God cursed the giver of a bribe and the taker of it.'—Abú Dáud, Ibn Májah.
On Judgements and Evidence
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Prophet said, "If men were given according to their claims, they would certainly lay claim to the blood of men as well as their property; but an oath is incumbent upon the defendant."'—Muslim.
It is related from Umm Salamah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "I am only a man, and ye dispute with one another before me. And it may be that some of you are cleverer in (presenting) his proofs than others, and I give judgement in his favour according to what I hear from him. Then ye in whose favour I give judgement concerning any of the rights of his brother, let him not take it; for I only cut off for him a piece of the fire."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿAmru bin Shuʿaib from his father, from his grandfather, that, 'The Prophet said, "It is incumbent on the plaintiff to produce proofs; and the defendant must take an oath."'—At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Abú Músáuʾl-Ashʿari that, 'Two men laid claim to a camel in the time of the Apostle of God. And each one of them produced two witnesses. Then the Prophet divided it into two halves between the two of them.' And in another tradition from An Nasái, Abú Dáud and Ibn Májah it runs, 'Two men laid claim to a camel, and neither of them had any proof; so the Prophet allotted it between the two of them.'
It is related from Al Ashʿath bin Qais that he said, 'There was a piece of land in the joint ownership of a man of the Jews and myself; and he denied me my right. Then I took him to the Prophet. And the latter said, "Hast thou any proof?" I
