God, restrain it for us.' Then it was restrained (from setting) until God gave him the victory. After that he gathered together the plunder; and a fire came to devour it, but it did not consume it. And he said, 'Verily there is deceit amongst you with regard to the plunder; therefore let a man from each tribe pledge his oath.' Then the hand of a certain man stuck to his hand. He said, 'The deceit concerning the plunder is amongst you.' Then they brought a golden head like the head of a cow. Then he set it down and the fire came and devoured it."' And the relater has added in another tradition, 'And plunder was not lawful for any one before us. Afterwards God made plunder lawful for us. He saw our weakness and impotence and made it lawful for us.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
Concerning the Poll-Tax
It is related from Jabálah that he said, 'I was the secretary of Jazaʾbin Muʿwiyah the uncle of Aḥnaf, and there came to us a letter from ʿOmar binuʾl-Khaṭṭáb a year before his death, (saying) "Separate every person who is forbidden in marriage from amongst the fire-worshippers." And ʿOmar did not take the poll-tax from the fire-worshippers until ʿAbduʾr-Raḥmán bin ʿAwf bore witness that the Apostle of God took it from the fire-worshippers of Hajar.'—Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Muʿádh that when the Apostle of God sent him towards Yeman, he ordered him to take one dinar, or the cloth of Yeman ordered, called maʿáfiri to the value of one dinar from every adult, that is from everyone who had reached puberty.'—Abú Dáud.
It is related from Anas that he said, 'The Apostle of God sent Khálid binuʾl-Walíd to Ukaider (the Christian king) of Dúmah; and they seized him and brought him. Then the Prophet spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he paid the poll-tax.'—Abú Dáud.
Concerning Peace
It is related from Al Miswár bin Makhramah and Marwán binuʾl-Ḥakam that they said, 'The Prophet went out in the year of Ḥudaibah with a band of a thousand of his companions. And when he came to Dhuʾl-Ḥulaifah he garlanded the camel for sacrifice and branded it in token thereof. He there put on
