as possible, one end being made fast to the bits or other convenient place, while the other end is hauled out with a tackle. If the rope is a large one, the serving is laid on with a serving mallet.
The free ends of all ropes should be WHIPPED (Fig. 11) so as to prevent their unravelling. To do this lay one end of a piece of tarred spun-yarn along the end of the rope; wind the spun-yarn (working upwards towards the end of the rope) several times tightly round the rope and over the end of the spun-yarn, thus gripping the latter. Make a loop of the remaining portion of the spun-yarn, and lay the end of this loop on the rope, pointing downwards away from the rope's end. Then take three or four more turns with the spun-yarn round the rope and over the loose end of the yarn. Pull the yarn-end taut until the loop is closed, and cut the ends short off.
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Fig. 11.
In the following description of the splices, knots, etc., certain terms will be employed which it will be well to define beforehand. The standing part of a rope is the part held in the hand; the end is that end of the rope in which the knot, or bend, is to be made; the bight is the loop formed when making a knot, or bend.
When two rope-ends have to be joined permanently, this is neatly effected by the various splices employed by sailors.
A Short Splice (Fig. 12) is thus made: The
