PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
951
water and steam engines employed in the Empire in the iron industry respec- tively was 1,110 and 1,040, showing an aggregate of more than 100,000 horse- power.
IV. Manufactures.
The number of all kinds of manufactories, mines, and industrial establish- ments in European Russia (without Poland and Finland) was 62,801 in 1885, employing 994,787 workpeople, and producing a value of 1,121,040,270 toubles. The 20,381 manufactories of Poland employed 139,650 workmen, and produced a value of 185,822,200 roubles. Transcaucasia had in 1891 9,333 manufactories, mostly small, with 40,284 workmen, producing a value of 40,003,900 roubles, chiefly in silk ; while the 6,496 manufactories of Fin- land yielded in 1890, 6,681, 700Z.
According to the estimates of the Department of Trade and Manufactures, which includes the mining industries, as well as those which pay excise duties (spirits, beer, sugar, and tobacco), the manufactories of the Empire having a yearly productivity of more than 1,000 roubles each appeared as follows : —
1893
Numbers
17,605
2,711
1,199
609
359
People employed
Steam engines
Yearly production
Men
Women
Number
Horse Power
European Russia Poland Caucasia Siberia Turkestan .
Total, 1893 .
949,044
108,484
20,766
10,961
6,295
264,030
44,925
1,261
1,056
10,525
1,959
791
115
25
289,404
81,328
7,114
1,812
399
Roubles
1,466,988,000
229,485,000
34,733,000
11,929,000
16,186,000
22,483
1,094,972
311,803
13,325
380,057
1,759,331,000 1
Of the people employed, 30,000 were children. The small factories, having a production of less than 1,000 roubles a year, numbered 103,360 in 1891. The chief branches of the above were as follows in the year 1893 : —
1893
Numbers
Production
Roubles
Articles of food
13,345
500,525,000
Textiles .
3,520
619,945,000
Paper and cardboard
436
26,995,000
Wood
1,373
35,666,000
Chemicals
1,227
40,944,000
Tallow, candles, &c.
1,138
35,229,000
Leather .
2,815
39,571,000
China, glass
437
16,099,000
Iron and steel .
804
166,833,000
Machinery
635
66,021,000
Copper and jewellery
591
19,738,000
