Internal communications
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Tonnage 1911
22,947,853
5,400,269 4,109,501 10,217,866
atered
Tonnage 1912
Cleared
Tonnage 1911
Tonnage 1912
Atlantic ports Gulf ports . Pacific ports . Northern Lake ports . Mexican Border .
24,005,037 6,100,228 4,553,821
11,498,985
22,162,497 5,824.484 4,311,632
10,138,534
23,371,642 6,441,926 4,891,151
11,710,894 1,299
Total .
42,674,USy
46,158,071
42,437,147
46,416,912
According to nationality the vessels entered and cleared at United States ports in year ended June 30, 1912, were as follows : —
Flag
American
Austrian
Belgian
British
Cuban
Danish
Dutch .
French
German
Italian
Japanese
Entered
Tons
11,257,098
312,243 349,836 22,959,975 242,343 431,269 984,796 966,927 3,981,811 753,469 351,868
Cleared
Tons 11,703,467
313,144 339,273 22,898,705 243,597 436,826 962,547 956,303 4,030,881 767,144 234,318
Flag
Norwegian .
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Swedish
Other Foreign
Entered
Tons
2,674,335
9.402
114,076
436,802
75,261
256,560
Cleared
Total Foreign 34,900,973 American and
Foreign
Tons
2,654,305
9,938
109,804
408,726
77,393
270,546
34,713,445
46,168,071 46,416,912
Of the total foreign trade conducted in vessels in 1910-11 only 87 per cent, in value was carried in vessels belonging to the United States. The proportion in 1859 was 66 "9 per cent.
Internal Communications.
According to Poor's Railway Manual, the extent of railways in operation in 1830 was 23 miles ; it rose to 52,922 miles in 1870 ; to 166,703 miles in 1890; in 1900, 194,262; in 1907, 228,128; in 1908, 232,046; in 1909, 238,356, including railroads constructed prior to 1909, and reported for the first time ; in 1910, 242,107 ; in 1911, 246,573.
The mileage of railways in 1911, not including double track, sidings, or spurs, is divided among the several groups of States as folloAvs : — New England States, 8,033 miles; Middle Atlantic, 24,430 miles; Central Northern, 45,995 miles ; South Atlantic, 28,377 miles; Gulf and Mississippi Valley, 23,131 miles ; South-Western, 52,588 miles ; North- Western, 40,008 miles ; Pacific, 24,010 miles. The ordinarj'- gauge is 4 ft, 8J-in.
The total capital invested in railway's (stock, funded and unfunded debt) in 1911 was 19,990,194 dollars. For 1911 the gross earnings were 2,848,968,965 dollars, and the net earnings, 903,219,137 dollars.
In 1910 the track mileage of electric railways was 40,088 miles.
The telegraphs of the United States are largely in the hands of the Western Union Telegraph Company, which had, in 1910-11, 219,219 miles of line, 1,487,345 miles of wire, and 24,926 oflaces ; the number of messages
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