CALIFORNIA
431
The State has a large coal area, the output from which in 1911 was 2,106,789 short tons of coal, valued at 3,396,849 dollars. Manganese ores and lead are found. Arkansas produces whetstones (from nevaculite). It also produces bauxite (for aluminium) ; the phosphate rock deposits are little worked. The quarries yield limestone, sandstone, granite, and slate, besides asphalt, mineral waters, and natural gas. Value of total mineral output in 1911, 5,829,606 dollars.
Of the industries the cutting and working of timber is the most important, (1,697 establishments) the State having a forest area of 25,600,000 acres. Arkansas, according to the census of manufactures of 1910, has 2,925 manufacturing establishments employing 3,293 salaried officials, and 44,982 wage-eaniers. Their united capital amounted to 70,174,000 dollars, the cost of materials used in a year to 34,935,000 dollars, and the value of output in a year to 74,916,000 dollars. Statistics of 6 leading industries are : —
Industries
Liunber ami timber .
Icft manufaoture
Oil, cotton-seed, and cake
Flour and grist
Car construction, &c.
Printing and publishing .
Cajiital
Wage earners
Cost of materials
Value of output
Dollars 42,340,000 1,905,000 5,239,000 1,599,000 1,561,000 1,910,000
Number
33,932
352
1,086
312
3,249
981
Dollars 14,300,000
207,000 6,005,000 4,859,000 1,759,000
536,000
Dollars 40,640,000 820,000 7,789,000 5,615,000 4,154,000 2,082,000
The foreign trade of the State is carried on through the port of New Orleans, cotton and lumber transported down the Mississippi being the chief exports. In 1911, 1,090 vessels of a tonnage of 2,141,085 entered the port and 1,134 of a tonnage of 2,422,206 cleared. In 1910 there Avere in the State 5,305 miles of railway and 132 miles of electric railway.
Books of Reference.
The Reports of the various Executive Departments of the State.
CAIIFOHNIA.
Constitution and Government.— <^alifornia, though unexplored and practically unknown to Europeans, was from its discovery down to 1846 politically associated with Mexico. On July 5, 1846, the American flag was hoisted at Monterey, and a proclamation was issued declaring California to be a portion of the United States, and on February 2, 1849, by the treaty of Guadalupe, the territory was formally ceded by Mexico to the United States, and was admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The State Legislature is composed of the Senate of forty members, elected for terms of four years — half the number being elected each two years — and the Assembly, eighty members, elected for two years. Regular sessions are held once in two years.
The qualifications for eligibility to the Senate or Assembly are citizenship of the State for three years and residence in the district for one year.
California is represented in Congress by 2 Senators and 8 Representatives.
Guvernor.— Hiram W. Johnson, 1911-15 (10,000 dollars).
"secretary of State. — F. C. Jordan.
The most important State Boards and Commissions are: The Board of Educatiou ; the Board of Regents of the University, appointed by the
