i82
UNITED STATES : — PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
dependent Filipino Church has come into existence. The Moros are Mo- hammedans, and there are pagan tribes in some of the more remote regions. Education. — Education is under the direction of the Secretary of Public Instruction. The Archipelago is divided into 36 educational divisions. The teaching staff comprises 664 American teachers for all grades, and 1,066 Filipino teachers on Insular pay, and 6,488 Filipino teachers paid by the municipalities. English is taught in all the public schools of the islands, to the number of over 4,531. In 1911-12, there was an average daily attendance of 329,073 pupils in tlie }iublic schools. The annual cost of teachers, &c., is about 3,450,000 dollars. A school for training teachers has been at work for some years, and industrial and trade schools have been established, and great stress is laid on industrial work. For higher education there is the free State supported University of the Philippines, with colleges of Liberal Arts, Medicine and Surgery, Engineering, Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and the Fine Arts. An ecclesiastical institution, the University of Santo Tomas (founded 1611) at Manila has several faculties, including one of Medicine.
Finance. — The revenues and expenditures for four fiscal years, ending June 30, were : —
1906
Revenues . Expenditures
Dollars
15,996,870 15,086,527
190/
Dollars
17,269,886 14,612,524
1908
1909
Dollars Dollars
17,698,559 , 19,934,753 17,735,051 1 19,937,518
1910
1911
Dollars I Dollars 21,958,063 I 21,274,575 21,365,322 I 23,098,621
The net revenues and expenditures under classified headings, excluding operations from all other funds or sources, are stated as follows for 1912 : —
Revenue
Dollars
Expenditure
Dollars
Taxation ... Various - . . .
20,142,764 3,127,001
Current .... Capital .... Various . . . .
Total .
15,685.348
4,856,794 3,424,008
Total Revenue Other receipts .
23,269,765 1,292,227
Total .
24,561,992
23,966,1.50
On August 1, 1904, a new interna] revenue system came into force. With a number of exceptions taxes are now levied on banking, insurance, com- merce, industries, licences being required especially for the production and sale of ale, spirits, tobacco, &c., and matches. There is also a poll tax (the cMula) on males between 18 and 60. Of the proceeds of the internal revenue 70 per cent, goes to the insular government, 10 per cent, to the provincial, and 20 per cent, to the municipal governments. The munici- palities are required to devote one-half of their share to public fschools. There is a tax on real estate fixed at 1^ per cent, of the assessed value in Manila and at varying rates with a maximum of | of one per cent, in the other civilised provinces. This is not a government land rent, such as exists in India.
