052 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
Servian Orthodox, 840,G27 ; Roman Catholic, 442,707; Evangelical, G,337 ; Greek Catholic, 8,136; Jews, 12,169; There was an increase in 1910 of 329,952 on the census of 1895, or 21-04.
The nationality is Croato-Servian, only in the greater towns there are Spanish Jews, and here and there gipsies and colonists of different nationality. The most populous towns are the capital, Sarajevo, Avith 51,919 ; Mostar, 16,392 ; Banjaluka, 14,800 ; and Tuzla, 11,333 (1910).
In 1911, number of births (living) 76,693 ; (dead) 218 ; number of deaths, 49,622 ; net increase 27,071.
Instruction. — In 1910 there were 6 gymnasia, 2 Realschule, 1 military college, 11 advanced schools for girls, 9 commercial schools, 458 elementary schools, 1,241 lower and 94 reformed Mohammedan schools, 1 Servian Ortho- dox, and 1 Koman Catholic seminary for priests, 41 Mohammedan schools for higher religious instruction, 3 training colleges for teachers, and a college for Mohammedan judges. Technical and industrial schools exist in most of the larger towns, and in the village schools the teaching of practical agriculture has been introduced. Education is free, and under certain circumstances compulsory.
Justice. — There is an upper court of justice in Sarajevo, the 6 district (Kreis) courts and 52 county (Bezirk) courts of first instance. In every district court (Kreisgericht) and county court (Bezirksgericht) there ai'e 2 assessors taken from the people to advise the judge in criminal causes.
Finance. — For the administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina the revenue and expenditure were estimated at 3,313,988^. in 1911, and 3,520,790Z. in 1912.
The chief items of revenue in 1912 were receipts from tobacco (758,167/), railways (681, 500Z.) ; and those of expenditure in 1912 were for railways (631,667/.), the service of navy (323,668/.) and troops (298,655/.)-
Production and Industry. — The agricultural population in 1910 numbered 1,668,587 or 87*9 per cent, of the whole, but agriculture is still in a low state of development, though the soil is very fertile. Forest land occupies 49*8 per cent, of the whole area. Tobacco, an important crop, is a Government monopoly. In 1911, 3,000 metric tons of tobacco (value, 3,853,693 crowns ; 24 crowns = 1/.), were exported. Maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye, millet and buckwheat, potatoes, flax, and hemp, are cultivated. Both provinces have superabundance of fruit. In 1911 about 13,000 tons of dried plums and marmalade were exported, valued at 5,635,083 crowns.
The vine is grown, but the wine produced is of indifferent quality ; the wine exported in 1910 was of the value of 344,381 crowns. Sugar-beet is cultivated, and there is a sugar factory at Usora, near Doboj. Silk- culture has been introduced. Timber was exported in 1910 to the value of 30,672,475 crowns. Cattle-grazing and sheep-farming are important ; cattle were exported in 1910 to the number of 121,382; horses, 12,578; sheep, 68.892; goats, 46,868. Hides are not exported, but sheep-skins and goat-skins are sent in large quantities to Great Britain and the United States, as well as to Hungary ; lamb-skins are exported to France. In Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1910 there were 221,971 horses, 1,308,930 cattle, 1,393,068 goats, 2.499,422 sheep, and 527,270 swine. Towards the agricultural develop- ment of the country Governmentgivesassistance in many ways, by instruction, by importing horses, cattle, sheep, and poiiltry of superior breed, by distributing seeds, and by lending agricultural machinery to farmers.
Minerals are abundant ; mining is now carried on (mainly by the
