- zontal plate, and it is these last that by their juncture
form the hard palate. Oftentimes in cases of hare-lip cleft palate also occurs, the result of incomplete development. To remedy the consequent opening in the roof of the mouth, which makes articulation difficult, operation is generally resorted to, though sometimes a plate is fitted over the opening by a dentist.
The nasal bones are two small oblong bones which articulate with the frontal and superior maxillary bones and with each other. They form the bridge of the nose, the rest of the nose being wholly of cartilage, except for the vomer, a bone shaped like a plough-share, which forms part of the nasal septum, articulating along its anterior edge with the ethmoid and the triangular cartilage.
The two inferior turbinated bones lie along the outer walls of the nasal fossæ. They are thin scroll-like bones covered with mucous membrane and serve to heat the air as it passes in. Sometimes when one has a cold, the membrane and the bone too swell up and close the nares. Loss of the sense of smell in a bad cold may be due to such swelling and the consequent impeding of the entrance of odoriferous particles—a condition that would likewise interfere with the sense of taste. Part of the bone is sometimes removed, to enlarge the passage, enough being left to warm the air.
Lastly, there is the inferior maxillary bone or lower jaw. This has a horseshoe-shaped body and two rami, one at either end. Each ramus has a pointed process in front called the coronoid process, into which is inserted the temporal muscle. At the back, and separated from the coronoid process by the sigmoid notch, is the condyle, which articulates with the glenoid fossa on the temporal bone. The rami also give attachment to the masseter muscle at its point of insertion. In adult age the ramus is almost vertical but in old age the portion of the jaw hollowed out into alveoli for the teeth becomes absorbed and the angle of the jaw becomes very obtuse. On the
