James II
The disappointment was a serious one, but it seemed as if the triumph of the Irish could not long be delayed. The settlers had never formed more than a small minority of the population, and it was only by a rigid monopoly of civil and military offices that they had been enabled to preserve their property and their political consequence in the midst of a hostile and subjugated nation. With few exceptions those offices had now been transferred to their enemies, while during the past three years their numbers had been greatly diminished. Under the viceroyalty of Clarendon a steady emigration from Ireland had commenced, and had continued on a still larger scale after the appointment of Tyrconnell.56 A pamphlet published in London after the Revolution describes with admirable vividness and accuracy the grievances and the temper of the refugees. "Popery," the writer tells us, "began to be triumphant; the Lord Deputy and his Privy Council, excepting a very few, the Lord Chancellor and all the Judges, except three, the Attorney-General and the King's Serjeants, the Justices of the Peace and Sheriffs in. each county, except in such places where no papists were to be had, all violent and eager promoters of the Romish religion; the Mass publicly celebrated in every town, the Fryers marching in
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