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II. Nuts enclosed in the involucre.

A. Involucres with linear, awl-shaped, bristly appendages. Species 2, 3, and 4.

2. Fagus sylvatica. Europe.

Fruit-stalks short and pubescent throughout.

Leaves: under surface glabrous except on the nerves and midrib; lateral nerves 5–9 pairs; margin not regularly serrate.

3. Fagus ferruginea. North America.

Fruit-stalks short and pubescent throughout.

Leaves: under surface glabrous except on the nerves and midrib; lateral nerves 10–12 pairs, ending in the teeth; margin serrate.

4. Fagus sinensis. Central China.

Fruit-stalks short, pubescent only close to the involucre.

Leaves: minutely pubescent over their whole under surface; lateral nerves 9–10 pairs ending in the teeth; margin serrate.

 

B. Involucres with their lower appendages dilated and foliaceous. Species 5, 6, 7.

5. Fagus orientalis. Caucasus, Asia Minor, N. Persia.

Fruit-stalks long (twice the length of the involucre or more) and very pubescent throughout.

Leaves: broadest above the middle; lateral nerves about 10 pairs, bending round before quite reaching the undulate margin; under surface glabrous except on the midrib and nerves.

6. Fagus Sieboldi. Japan.

Fruit-stalks short (as long as the involucres) and pubescent throughout.

Leaves: broadest below the middle; lateral nerves 7–10 pairs, bending round before quite reaching the margin, which is crenate; under surface glabrous beneath except on the nerves and midrib.

7. Fagus Engleriana. Central China.

Fruit-stalks very long (five times the length of the involucre) and quite glabrous.

Leaves glabrous and glaucescent underneath; lateral nerves 13 pairs, bending round before quite reaching the undulate margin.

 

Fagus ferruginea. American Beech.

Fagus ferruginea, Dryander, in Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. 362 (1789); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. iii. 1980 (1838); Mayr. Wald. von Nordamerika, 176 (1890).

Fagus sylvatica atropunicea, Marsh. Arb. Am. 46 (1785).

Fagus silvestris, Mich. fil. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 170, t. 8 (1812).

Fagus atropunicea, Sudworth, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xx. 42 (1893).

Fagus americana, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 370 (1826); Sargent, Silva of N. Am. ix 27 (1896).

 

The American beech ranges, according to Sudworth, from Nova Scotia to north shore of Lake Huron and Northern Wisconsin; south, to western Florida; and west, to south-eastern Missouri and Texas (Trinity River). Mayr^[1] says it is at

1. Mayr, l.c.