AUCH AUCKLAND 101 Terely wounded that his life was despaired of; but he compelled the Turks to raise,the siege after two months. He now became 'active in the intrigues that troubled the court of Con- stantinople. He received at Rhodes Zizim or Jem, the brother of Sultan Bajazet, who be- came in his hands a powerful instrument of in- fluence on the Turkish court. Zizim was first transferred to France, then delivered to Pope Innocent VIII., who rewarded D'Aubusson with the title of cardinal and the office of legate of the holy see in Asia. But the failure of a plan he had long cherished for the union of Europe against the Turks, together with other disappointments, caused him to retire from affairs, and his last years were spent in Rhodes. AUCH, an old city in southern France, capital of the department of Gers, on the river Gers, 41 m. W. of Toulouse; pop. in 1866, 12,500. Its upper part is situated on a high hill crowned by an old Gothic cathedral, and connected with the lower by a long bridge of stairs. Auch is the seat of an archbishopric, a tribunal of commerce, and a college. It has manufac- tures of thread and cotton stuffs, and carries on a considerable trade, particularly in the brandies of Armagnac. AUCHMCTY. I. Robert, an American lawyer, born probably in England, died in Boston in April, 1750. He was of Scotch descent, set- tled at Boston early in the 18th century, at- tained a high position in his profession, and was appointed judge of the court of admiralty in 1733. In 1741 he was in England as agent for the colony, and published there a pamphlet entitled " The Importance of Cape Breton to the British Nation, and a Plan for Taking the Place." II. Robert, son of the preceding, died in London in 1788. He was distinguished as an advocate and jury lawyer at Boston, and in 1767 was appointed judge of the court of ad- miralty, which office he exercised as long as the royal authority was recognized ; but in 1776, being a zealous tory, he went to England. He was associated with John Adams in the defence of Capt. Preston. III. Samuel, an American clergyman, brother of the preceding, born in Boston, Jan. 26, 1722, died in New York, March 6, 1777. He graduated at Har- vard college in 1742, and went to England to study for holy orders. After his ordination he was appointed by the society for the propaga- tion of the gospel an assistant minister of Trin- ity church, New York, and in 1764 succeeded to the charge of all the churches in the city. When the American troops took possession of New York in 1775, he was forbidden by Lord Stirling to read the prayer for the king; but he persisted in doing so, although his church was entered by a company of soldiers with drums beating and with the threat of pulling him out of the pulpit. He then shut up the church and chapels and took the keys with him to New Jersey, leaving orders that the churches should not be opened until the lit- urgy could be read without interruption. New York being again in the British possession, he attempted to return, and succeeded after great hardships only to find his church and parson- age burnt, and his papers and the records of the church destroyed. The next Sunday he preached for the last time in St. Paul's. The various trials he had undergone brought on an illness which carried him off in a few days. IV. Sir Samuel, a British general, son, of the preceding, bora in New York, June 22, 1758, died in Dublin, Aug. 11, 1822. He graduated at Columbia college in 1775, and the next year entered the army under Sir William Howe, and took part in three campaigns. From 1783 to 1796 he served in India, and was at the siege of Seringapatam in command of a company under Lord Cornwallis. He was adjutant gen- eral in the expedition to Egypt in 1800. In 1806 he took command of the troops ordered to South America, with the rank of brigadier general, and in 1807 carried the strongly forti- fied city of Montevideo by assault. On his re- turn he was made lieutenant general. In 1810 he was commander-in-chief in the Carnatic, and in 1811 took possession of the Dutch col- onies of Java and Sumatra. On his return to Europe in 1813 he was appointed commander of the forces in Ireland. Alt kUM>. I. William Eden, baron, a British diplomatist, born about 1750, died in 1814. In 1778 he was employed with Lord Carlisle in the attempt at a settlement of the rupture be- tween the British government and the Ameri- can colonies. He entered parliament, was sec- retary of Ireland, and was sent to the court of Louis XVI., where he negotiated a commercial treaty. On the breaking out of the revolution of 1789 he was sent to the Netherlands as envoy extraordinary ; and for the manner in which he discharged his duties there he was called to an account by the house of commons on his return. He was created a baron in the Irish peerage in 1789, and also in the British peerage in 1793. He wrote "Principles of the Penal Laws " (1771), and various pamphlets, includ- ing one on the " State of the Poor in England." II. George Eden, earl of, son of the preceding, born in August, 1784, died Jan. 1, 1849. He was president of the board of trade under Earl Grey in 1830, and first lord of the ad- miralty under Lord Melbourne in 1834. The next year he went to India as governor general. During his administration of this office the opium war with China broke out, and the dis- astrous expedition against Afghanistan took place. Lord Auckland's chief personal action was exercised upon a system of native free schools, and an improved administration of justice. In 1841 he was succeeded by Lord Ellenborough, and on his return was created earl of Auckland and Baron Eden. AUCKLAND. I. A province of New Zealand, occupying the north and centre of North isl- and; area, about 30,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 62,335, besides 16,000 Maoris. II. A city, cap- ital of the preceding province and formerly of
