AUVERGNE AUZOUX 157 ties. Massive and curious fragments of the ancient Roman walls still stand ; also tlie so- called temple of Janus, of imposing proportions and solidity. Besides these there are two cu- rious Roman gates, the remains of an amphi- theatre, and just without the gate a pyramidal mass of architecture, built probably for,sepul- chral purposes, but in whose honor antiquaries are in doubt. The town contains several fine specimens of church architecture, among them the cathedral of St. Lazare, Romanesque in style, and the chapelle St. Nazarre, interesting for its richly painted glass. Near Autun are the valuable coal basins of Epinac and Creuzot. The episcopal see of this city was once held by Talleyrand. The town figures in the his- tory of Gaul as the capital of the ^Edui. Un- der the Romans and the Franks it was often exposed to the ravages of war. Its vicinity witnessed considerable fighting in the war of 1870-'71, chiefly between the troops of Gari- baldi and tbose of Gen. Werder. An attack on the town by the latter was gallantly re- pulsed Nov. 30, 1870. AUVERGJfE, an old province of France, now forming the departments of Cantal, Puy-de- Dome, and part of Haute-Loire. It is divided into two parts, very different in their climate and productions. Upper Auvergne, which in- cludes chiefly the departments of Cantal and Puy-de-D6me, is a mountainous, wild, and pic- turesque cattle-raising district. The mountains which intersect it are a branch of the C6 ven- nes, and lie in confused groups, sending up several summits to the height of 6,000 feet, some of which are extinct volcanoes. Mont Dore, the highest of them, is an almost isolated cone, and has its sides covered with scorise. Lower Auvergne extends along both banks of the Allier, and presents a continual succession of towns and villages, and of the most fertile hills and valleys of France, which produce abundantly the vine, grains, and fruits. The province takes its name from the ancient Ar- verni, one of the most powerful tribes of Gaul in Cesar's time, of whom the present Auver- gnats are supposed to be the almost unmixed descendants. Though their province has con- tributed a number of distinguished names to the history of their country, the Auvergnats are often spoken of as the Boaotians of France.
CAYKS, or Leg Caves, a seaport town on
the S. W. coast of Hayti, capital of a depart- ment, situated on the bay of Cayes, in lat. 18" 11' N., Ion. 73 50' W., 92 m. W. 8. W. of Port-au-Prince ; pop. about 8,000, chiefly ne- groes and mulattoes. The exports embrace sugar, cotton, and coffee, and the trade is prin- cipally in the hands of British merchants. In the vicinity are many rum distilleries. A con- siderable smuggling trade is carried on with Jamaica. The hurricane of Aug. 12, 1831, de- stroyed part of the town, killing several thou- sand persons. The civil wars since 1868 have also proved injurious to Aux Oayes. The cli- mate is unwholesome. ArXERRE, a city of France, capital of the de- partment of Yonne, on the left bank of the river Yonne, 90 m. S. E. of Paris; pop. in 1866, 15,497. Its wines are much esteemed. Its manufactures are calicoes, cloths, serges, druggets, earthenware, violin strings, &c. It has a college, a secondary ecclesiastical school, a museum of antiquities, a public library of about 25,000 volumes, a cathedral with a fine flamboyant Gothic facade, and the quaint church of St. Germain, with curious crypts, in which lie buried the mediaeval counts of Aux- erre and its vicinity (Auxerrois). AUXONNE, a fortified town of France, in the department of C6te d'Or, on the left bank of the SaOne, 17 m. S. E. of Dijon ; pop. in 1866, 5,911. It has an arsenal and barracks, with manufactures of woollen cloth and nails. AUZOUT, Adrien, a French mathematician and astronomer, born in Rouen, died in Rome about 1693. In conjunction with Picard, he applied the telescope to the mural quadrant. He invented and applied to the telescope a movable wire micrometer, on which he pub- lished a treatise in 1667. By the aid of this instrument he observed and measured the di- urnal variation of the moon's diameter, first explained by Kepler. Auzout was an efficient optician and maker of telescopes. His obser- vation and calculations of the comet of 1664 suggested to Louis XIV. the first idea of found- ing an observatory at Paris, and he was one of the original members of the academy of sci- ences, founded hi 1666. AlIZODX, Theodore Louis, a French physician and anatomist, bora at St. Aubin d'Ecroville, department of the Eure, about 1797. He is celebrated as the inventor of a new method of making permanent models of anatomical prep- arations in papier mach6, an art known under the French name of anatomie clastique. The advantages of this method are : 1st, that the material used is light, not easily broken, and unaffected by the atmosphere at all ordinary temperatures ; 2d, that minute parts can be represented in enlarged dimensions, and colored to imitate nature; and 3d, that the pieces representing the different parts of an organ and the different organs of the body can be separated from each other and put together at will. Dr. Auzoux completed his invention by 1825, and established a manufactory at St. Aubin for the production of anatomical mod- els. He obtained a gold medal for his ana- tomical preparations at the French exposition of 1834, honorable mention in 1839 and 1844, and a second gold medal in 1849. He received the cross of the legion of honor in 1834. At one time he gave annual courses of lectures upon anatomy and physiology, illustrated by the aid of his own preparations. His published works are : Considerations generates sur Vana- tomie ; Memoire sur le cholera-morbus, &c. (Paris, 1832) ; Lefons elementaires d'anatomie et de phyriologie (1839; 3d ed., 1858); Dee tares molles et osseutes dans le cheval (1853);
