222 BAILEY BAILLIE ings and its Improvement" (2 vols., 1862-'6). He is a utilitarian and a follower of Locke. BAILEY, Theodorus an American naval officer, born in New York in 1803. He entered the navy as midshipman in 1818, and was made lieutenant in 1827, commander in 1849, and j captain in 1855. In the latter part of 1861 he was ordered to the steam frigate Colorado, with I which he participated in the bombardment of the confederate works near Pensacola. In the i capture of the Mississippi forts by the squadron of Flag Officer Farragut (April, 1862), he com- manded the second division of the attacking force. On the reorganization of the navy in 1862 he was made commodore, and as acting rear admiral succeeded to the command of the eastern gulf blockading squadron, where he was very successful in breaking up blockade- running on the Florida coast. He was promo- ted to rear admiral July 25, 1866, and in the following October placed on the retired list. BAILIFF (Fr. bailli, Lat. balivus), a person to whom some authority or charge is committed. The term as used by the Normans designated the chief magistrates of counties or shires, and bailiwick is still retained in writs and other judicial proceedings as defining the extent of jurisdiction within which the process may be executed, usually the same as county. It came into general use as a designation of any judicial or ministerial office performed by a deputy of a local magistrate ; but as the judicial functions of sheriffs and lords having private jurisdiction declined, bailiffs were known as the ministerial deputies of sheriffs. A bound bailiff (vulgarized into bum-bailiff) is a sheriff's officer who has given sureties to the sheriff for his official con- duct. The term bailiff was also applied in England to magistrates of certain towns, keep- ers of castles, &c., and is still used to some ex- tent in one or other of these senses, but more commonly expresses a steward or agent of a lord or other large land proprietor. In the United States it is sometimes, but rarely, used for a sheriff's deputy or constable, and is occa- sionally met with as a legal designation of an agent liable to account for the rents or profits of property intrusted to him. In Scotch law a synonymous term, bailie, is applied to a min- isterial officer to whom writs are directed. It is also used to designate a city magistrate simi- lar to an alderman in England. I! III. I.I :r. Adrien, a French scholar and writer, born at Neuville, in Picardy, June 13, 1649, died Jan. 21, 1706. He was educated for the church, but devoted his life to study and au- thorship. His most important publication was entitled " Judgments of the Learned upon the Principal Works of Authors," a book of criti- cism which taught better rules than it illustra- ted. He also produced a book on " Devotion to the Holy Virgin," the lives of the saints, which extended to 4 volumes, a life of Des- cartes, a history of Holland from 1609 to 1690, and numerous other works. For 26 years he was librarian to M. de Lamoignon, advocate general of the parliament of Paris, and made a catalogue of his library in 35 vols. folio. i: 111 I.I 1 1., a town of France, department of Nord, near the Belgian frontier; pop. in 1866, 5,970. Its manufactures embrace lace, thread, linen, perfumes, beet sugar, snuff, crockery, and pottery. Bailleul cheese is noted for its ex- cellence. BA1LL1AGE (territory of a bailiff), a French term equivalent to bailiwick in English. In Switzerland the term was applied to districts into which the aristocratical cantons were di- vided, and over which bailiffs were appointed by the governed, and also to those territories which were subject to two or more of the cantons and governed by bailiffs appointed by and responsible to such cantons. These Swiss bailliages anciently formed part of the Milanese. Their names were Mendrisio, Balerna, Locarno, Lugano, Val Maggia, Bellinzona, Riviera, and Val Brenna. Most of these were ceded to the Swiss cantons in 1512 by Maximilian Sforza, in gratitude for Swiss aid in recovering the duchy of Milan from the troops of the French king, Louis XII. In 1802 the canton ofTessinwas formed by Bonaparte out of the Italian bai- liwicks, which arrangement was confirmed by the European sovereigns after his abdication in 1814, and also by the Helvetic diet. BAILLIE, Joanna, a Scottish poet, born at Bothwell, Lanarkshire, in 1762, died at Hamp- stead, near London, Feb. 23, 1851. Her father, a Presbyterian clergyman, who afterward be- came professor of divinity in Glasgow univer- sity, gave her a sound education. When her brother, Dr. Matthew Baillie, commenced prac- tice in London, she and her sister Agnes re- moved to that city and took up their residence at Hampstoad, where they lived for over 60 years. In 1798, at the age of 36, Miss Baillie published the 1st volume of her "Plays on the Passions," and successive volumes appeared in 1802, 1812, and 1836. Each of these plays was intended to illustrate the effect of a single ruling passion on life and character. A volume of miscellaneous plays appeared in 1804; it con- tained a Highland tragedy called " The Family Legend," which Scott (who made her acquain- tance in 1806) caused to be represented at the Edinburgh theatre early in 1810, with a pro- logue by himself and an epilogue by Henry Mackenzie. "De Montfort" ran for 11 nights at Oovent Garden theatre, Mrs. Siddons and John Kemble playing the leading parts. At a later period Kean produced this play, but it failed. Her plays "Henriquez" and "The Separation " were also brought out in London. She also wrote two plays published separately, called " The Martyr " and " The Bride." Her dramas were written rather for the closet than the stage, and, though greatly admired by the most competent critics, had but moderate suc- cess when acted. Besides ballads, fugitive pieces, occasional poems, and songs (many of them in the Scottish dialect, and humorous), Miss Baillie published metrical legends of exalt-
