228 BAKALAHARI BAKER being allowed to hold simultaneously, contrary to law, many ecclesiastical endowments and functions. On the death of Pope Julius II. (1513) he revisited Rome, still in the hope of winning the papacy ; and when this hope was blasted by the election of Leo X., he obtain- ed permission to preach a crusade against the Turks. But the army of peasants and vaga- bonds which rallied under Dozsa in obedience to his appeals, instead of fighting the infidels, turned their arms against the Hungarian no- bility and committed frightful ravages, until they were routed by John Z&polya. This peasants' war, and the somewhat suspicious part played in the whole movement by Ba- kacs, have been graphically described in Mag- yarorsedg 1514-5ra (" Hungary in 1514 "), by Baron Eotvos (3 vols., Pesth, 1847-'8). The families Erdodi and P&lffy inherited the vast fortune of Bakacs. I! t h IU1! tlil, the oldest of the African Be- chnana tribes, occupying the great Kalahari desert, between the Orange river, lat. 29 S., and Lake Ngami, and between Ion. 24 and the Great Fish river. They are found roaming with the Bushmen, but retain the characteris- tics of the Bechuana tribes, and exhibit an inclination to industrial pursuits and settled life. They cultivate the thin soil, rear goats, and carry on a small traffic in furs. BAKER, the name of counties in four of the United States. I. A central county of Alaba- ma, bounded E. by the Coosa river, and watered by affluents of that stream and of the Alabama and Oahawba; area, 665 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,194, of whom 1,137 were colored. The Sel- ma, Rome, and Dalton, and the South and North Alabama railroads traverse the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 11,728 bushels of wheat, 131,311 of Indian corn, 6,238 of oats, 29,571 of sweet potatoes, and 1,360 bales of cotton. Capital, Grantville. II. A N. E. county of Florida, bounded N. and N. E. by Georgia, from which it is partly separated by the N. fork of the St. Mary's river ; area, 570 gq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,325, of whom 290 were colored. It is watered by several streams and small lakes, and the Okefenoke swamp extends in the N. W. portion. The Florida Central railroad passes through the county. In 1870 the county produced 10,403 bushels of corn, 1,715 of oats, 6,150 of sweet potatoes, 83 bales of cotton, 29 hhds. of sugar, and 3,075 gallons of molasses. Capital, Sanderson. III. A S. W. county of Georgia, bounded S. E. by Flint river and intersected by Ichawaynoochaway creek; area, 1,400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,843, of whom 4,955 were colored. The surface is level and the soil fertile. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 153,986 bushels of Indian corn, 5,684 of sweet potatoes, and 5,556 bales of cotton. Capital, Newton. IV. A S. E. coun- ty of Oregon, bounded E. by Idaho, and S. by Nevada; area about 6,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,804, of whom 680 were Chinese. It is wa- tered by the Owyhee and Malheur rivers, and other branches of the Saptin or Snake, which runs on its E. border. The Blue mountains skirt the N. W. corner. The county has mines of gold and silver. In 1870 the chief produc- tions were 2,306 bushels of wheat, 37,426 of oats, 17,732 of barley, 7,377 of potatoes, and 1,944 tons of hay. Capital, Auburn. BAKER, Edward Dickinson, an American sen- ator and soldier, born in London, England, Feb. 24, 1811, killed at the battle of Ball's Bluff in Virginia, Oct. 21, 1861. The family emigrated to the United States in 1815, settling first in Philadelphia, and afterward at Belle- ville, 111. Having been admitted to the bar, Baker took up his residence at Springfield, 111. He was elected member of the legislature in 1837, of the state senate in 1840, and represen- tative in congress in 1844. When the war with Mexico broke out in 1846, he resigned his seat in congress, became colonel of a regiment of volunteers from Illinois, was present at the siege of Vera Cruz, and commanded a brigade at the battle of Cerro Gordo. In 1848 he was again elected to congress, but declined, having become connected with the Panama railway. In 1852 he settled in California, where he practised law with success, took an active part in political discussions, and was nominated by the republicans for congress, but was not elected. He removed to Oregon, and in 1860 was elected to the United States senate from that state. When the civil war broke out he raised a regiment in New York and Phil- adelphia, of which he was appointed colonel, having declined a commission as general. At the battle of Ball's Bluff, where he command- ed a brigade, he received several bullets, one of which passed through his head, killing him on the field. BAKER, Henry, an English naturalist and teacher of the deaf and dumb, born in Lon- don, May 8, 1698, died Nov. 25, 1774. He was brought up to the bookselling business, but afterward devoted himself to scientific studies, and especially to observations with the mi- croscope and to botany. He introduced into England several valuable exotic plants ; among others, the large Alpine strawberry, and the rkeum palmatum, or true rhubarb. He was a member of the society of antiquaries and of the royal society. He contributed several pa- pers to the " Philosophical Transactions," and published, besides his microscopic observations, a small collection of poems. Many years of his life were spent in the instruction of deaf mutes, whom he taught to articulate after the method of Wallis and Holden. lie married the youngest daughter of Daniel Defoe. BAKER, Osmon Cleander, D. D., an American clergyman, bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church, born in Marlow, N. H., July 30, 1812, died Dec. 20, 1871. At the age of 15 he en- tered Wilbraham academy, and in 1830 went to the Wesleyan university, Middletown, Conn., where he studied three years, receiving a de- gree, although bad health prevented him from
