238 BALDWIN the county. The surface is level or moderately uneven. The soil is sandy and unproductive, but supports a valuable growth of pine timber. The chief productions in 1870 were 31,025 bushels of Indian corn, 19,411 of sweet pota- toes, 87 bales of cotton, and 9,864 Ibs. of wool. Capital, Blakely. BALDWIN (Fr. Baudouin or Balduin), the name of several counts of Flanders. Bald- win I., surnamed Iron- Arm, was a son-in-law of Charles the Bald, king of France, and died in 879. Baldwin II.. the Bald, son of the pre- ceding, died in 918. He waged war against the kings of France, Eudes and Charles the Sim- ple. Baldwin IV., the Bearded, died in 1036. He increased his family domain by several conquests, especially that of Valenciennes, and received from the emperor Henry II. the island of Walcheren. Baldwin V., of Lille, the Debon- naire, son of the preceding and son-in-law of King Robert of France, died in 1067. He con- quered Hainault, was regent of France during the minority of his nephew Philip I., and helped William of Normandy, his son-in-law, in the conquest of England. Baldwin VIII. died in 1195. He was an enemy of Philip Augustus, but became reconciled and swore allegiance to Mm in 1192. Baldwin IX., son of the preceding. See BALDWIN I. of Constantinople. BALDWIN, the name of two emperors of Constantinople. Baldwin I. (the ninth Flem- ish count of that name), born in Valenciennes in 1171, died in 1205 or 1206. He brought to a close a war with Philip Augustus, appointed his uncle William, his brother Philip, and Bou- chard d'Avesnes regents of Flanders, took holy orders in Brussels in 1200 or 1201, and joined the crusaders, together with his brother Thier- ry. Subsequently he cooperated with the Ve- netians under Dandolo, and with the conni- vance of Alexis, son of the deposed Byzantine emperor Isaac, in the capture of Constantino- ple, when he was crowned as emperor, May 16, 1204. His power was only nominal, the crusaders dividing the Byzantine provinces among their other leaders. Baldwin delivered Thrace from the Turkish invaders, but the Greeks having invoked the assistance of the Bulgarians against him, he was captured April 14, 1205, near Adrianople, and subjected to tor- tures from which he died. Some accounts, how- ever, leave it doubtful whether he fell in battle or died in prison. Baldwin II., last Latin em- peror of Constantinople, born in 1217, died in 1273. He was a son of Peter de Courtenay, suc- ceeded his brother Robert in 1228, and, though aided by the pope and King Louis IX., was finally driven from Constantinople by Michael Palseologus, who gained possession of the city by stratagem in July, 1261. Baldwin fled in disguise to the island of Negropont, and from thence to Italy, where he died in obscurity. BALDWIN, the name of five kings of Jerusa- lem. Baldwin I., born in 1058, died in 1118. He was a descendant of the fifth count of Flan- ders, and joined his brother Godfrey de Bouil- lon in the first crusade. He quarrelled with Tancred and other crusaders, retired to Edessa, where he was elected count, and in 1100, after the death of Godfrey, was chosen to the throne of Jerusalem. In 1102, after commanding in the disastrous battle of Rama, he was besieged in Jaffa by the Saracens, but put them to flight. The next year he was repulsed before St. Jean d'Acre (Ptolemais), but he captured it with the aid of the Genoese in 1104, after a 20 days' siege. In 1109 he took Berytus (Beyrout) after a siege of 75 days, and in 1110 Sidon (Saida). He fell ill during an expedition to Egypt and died on his homeward journey to Jerusalem. His in- testines were buried in a place which is called the sepulchre of Baldwin, and the rest of his remains were interred in Jerusalem by the side of his brother. Baldwin II., surnamed Du BOBEG, died Aug. 21, 1131. He was the son of Hugh, count of Rethel, and a cousin of the preceding, whom he succeeded as ruler of Edessa in 1100. In 1118 he was crowned king of Jerusalem, and in 1119 relieved Antioch from the Moslems. In February, 1124, while attempting to rescue Jocelin, count of Edes- sa, and Galeran, his relative, he was captured, and ransomed in August together with Joce- lin, Tyre having been conquered during his ab- sence by the regent Eustache Gamier. After his return to Jerusalem Baldwin made an in- eftectual attempt to take Aleppo, but he suc- ceeded in other military exploits, and consider- ably extended the boundaries of his kingdom. The order of the templars was . sanctioned by the Roman see under his reign. He was one of the bravest knights of his day, and remark- able both for his valor and his piety. He was succeeded by his son-in-law Fulk of Anjou. Baldwin III., grandson of the preceding, born about 1130, died Feb. 23, 1162. He succeeded his father Fulk in 1143, under the guardianship of his mother Melisanda. In 1148 he joined the emperor Conrad and Louis VII. of France in the siege of Damascus. After the failure of this enterprise, he restored and fortified the ancient town of Gaza; and in 1153 he cap- tured Ascalon after a siege of seven months, and made his brother Amaury its ruler. In 1159 he took Cuesarea, which he gave to Re- naud, prince of Antioch. He secured the alli- ance of the Greek emperor Manuel by marry- ing his daughter Theodora, but died childless, and was succeeded by his brother Amaury, He was regarded as a model knight. Baldwin IV., nephew of the preceding, born in 1160, succeeded his father Amaury in 1173, died March 11, 1186. It was in his reign that Sala- din assumed the title of sultan, and began hi? warfare with the Franks of Palestine, narrowly missing the capture of Baldwin near Sidon in 1178, but being defeated in 1182 near Tiberias. Attacked with leprosy in 1183, Baldwin caused his nephew, the son of his sister Sibyl by her first marriage with Count William of Montfer- rat, to be crowned as Baldwin V., and at the same time chose Guy de Lusignan as second
