BAEADA BARANTE 295 cocoanuts is said to average 50,000 a day. Ci- gars only are manufactured. Columbus landed here, and the first settlement on the island was made here in 1512 by Diego Velazquez. BARADi, a river of Syria, probably the Bib- lical Abana, called by the Greeks the Chrysor- rhoas or Bardines. It rises in the Anti-Liba- nus, flows S. E., and falls into the Bahret-el- Kibliyeh, a lake or swamp, E. of Damascus. Issuing from a cleft in the mountains as a clear rapid stream, it divides into three small- er courses. The central or main stream runs straight to the city of Damascus, supplying the baths and fountains of that city. The other branches diverge to the right and left, and, af- ter irrigating the plain, reunite with the main stream. The water of the Barada, like that of the Jordan, is of a white sulphurous hue, and has an unpleasant taste. BARAGA, Frederick, D. D., a Roman Catholic bishop and missionary among the North Amer- ican Indians, born at Trefien, Carniola, June 29, 1797, died at Sault Ste. Marie, Jan. 19, 1868. He was of a noble family, was educated at the university of Vienna, was ordained a priest in September, 1823, came to America in Decem- ber, 1830, and from that time till his death was connected with the Chippewa and Ottawa missions in Michigan. He was consecrated bishop of Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie in 1853. He was the author of a Chippewa grammar and dictionary (Detroit, 1849 and 1852), of several religious works in Chippewa, and of a small work in German on the " His- tory, Character, and Habits of the North American Indians " (1837). BARAGIEY D'HILLIERS. I. I.miK a French general, born in Paris, Aug. 13, 1764, died in Berlin in December, 1812. At the beginning of the French revolution he was lieutenant in the regiment of Alsace, was appointed brigadier general in 1793, and chosen by Custine as the head of his staff. His fidelity to that unfortu- nate chief led to his imprisonment, but he was liberated after the 9th Thermidor. He served under Napoleon during his first two campaigns in Italy, and was promoted to the rank of division general. He distinguished himself at Stuttgart and Elchingen and on the frontiers of Bohemia, was governor of Friuli in 1806, of Venice in 1808, and participated in the vic- tory of Raab won by Eugene Beauharnais over the Austrians in June, 1809. During the fol- lowing two years he served in Spain. In 1812 he was put in command of a division of the grand army against Russia, and was captured with nearly all his forces by the enemy. A court of inquiry was ordered by Napoleon, at which he was so aggrieved that he fell sick and died before he reached France. II. Aehllle, marshal of France, son of the preceding, born Sept. 6, 1795. He served as second lieutenant during the Russian campaign, became in 1813 aide-de-camp to Marshal Marmont, and at the battle of Leipsic had his left hand carried away by a cannon ball. He was a captain on the fall of the empire, though not yet 20 years old. Adhering to the restored Bourbons, he entered the royal guards, served in Spain and Algeria, became second in command at the military school of St. Cyr in 1832, and afterward prin- cipal, a position which he held till 1840. For some years thereafter he served with some dis- tinction in Algeria and became a general. Re- turning to France in 1847, he was appointed inspector general of infantry. After the out- break of the revolution of 1848, he was ap- pointed chief of the second division of the army near the Alps. He was elected to the constituent assembly from the department of Doubs, and joined the party of reaction. In 1849 he went to Rome as commander-in-chief of the army sent to sustain the authority of the pope, and in 1851 was put in command of the army of Paris in place of Gen. Changar- nier, whom Napoleon distrusted. He favored the coup d'etat, and was made a member of the consultative commission. In the Crimean war he commanded the expedition to the Bal- tic, and on his return was made a marshal and became one of the vice presidents of the sen- ate. He commanded the first army corps in the Italian campaign of 1859, and took a promi- nent part in the battle of Solferino. In 1868 he was in command of the camp at Chalons, and 'shortly after the outbreak of the war of 1870 was for a few days military governor of Paris. i:KXHT, Nikolai, a deaf-mute Russian painter, born in Esthonia in 1810. He studied in Berlin at the expense of the czar, and has produced genre and historical pictures. BARANOFF, Alexander Andreyeviteh, governor of the Russian possessions in North America, born in 1746, died at sea, near the island of Java, April 28, 1819. Early in life he was engaged in commerce in western Siberia, but in 1790 established himself at Kadiak, and opened a trade with the natives. In 1796 he founded a commercial colony on Behring strait, and in 1799 took possession of the largest of the Sit- ka group of islands, now known by his name. He built a large factory at Sitka, and opened commercial relations with Canton, Manila, Boston, New York, California, and the Sand- wich Islands, founded a colony near San Fran- cisco, and was ennobled by the czar Alexander and made first governor of Russian America. He died while returning to Russia. BARAXTE, Amable Gnillanme Prosper, baron de Brugiere, a French statesman and historian, born at Riom in Auvergne, June 10, 1782, died in Auvergne in 1866. He was educated at the polytechnic school in Paris, and occupied during the empire several offices at home and missions abroad. He was prefect of Loire-In- ferieure on the fall of Napoleon, kept his post under the restoration, and after the hundred days became a member of the council of state and general secretary of the home department. In 1819 he was made a peer of France, and after that most of his time was given to lit-
