302 BARBOUE BAECA edition of the works of Clement Marot. His son HUGUES established himself at Limoges, and in 1580 printed a fine edition of Cicero's epistles to Atticus. The first in Paris was JEAN JOSEPH, who was licensed as a bookseller in 1704, and died in 1752. His brother JOSEPH was licensed as a bookseller in 1717 and as a printer in 1723, and died in 1737. His widow carried on the printing office till 1750, when she was succeeded by his nephew JOSEPH GERARD, born in 1715, who had become a bookseller in 1743. His name was attached to a celebrated collection of Latin classics in 12mo, commenced on the suggestion of Len- glet-Dufresnoy in 1743 to replace the Elzevir editions, then becoming rare, and the publica- tion of which was assumed by Barbou in 1755, when 18 volumes had appeared. To these he added 42 volumes of classics, and many of other works in the same style. He transferred his interest to his nephew HUGUES in 1789, and died in 1813. Hugues died in 1808, when the business passed into other hands, who continued the collection. BARBOl'R, the name of counties in three of the United States. I. A N. E. county of West Virginia ; area, 330 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,312, of whom 386 were colored. Its sur- face is hilly, and its soil very fertile, and well adapted for grazing. It is drained by the constituents of the east fork of the Mononga- hela river. Bituminous coal and iron ore are found, and salt mines have been opened. In 1870 the chief productions were 42,305 bushels of wheat, 173,195 of Indian corn, 43,367 of oats, 10,803 tons of hay, and 81,973 Ibs. of wool. Capital, Philippi. II. A S. E. county of Alabama, bounded E. by the Chattahoochee river, which separates it from Georgia; area, about 900 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 29,309, of whom 17,165 were colored. It has an undulating sur- face, partly covered with forests of pine. The soil in the valleys of the streams is fertile, and suitable for Indian corn and cotton. The chief productions in 1870 were 364,304 bushels of Indian corn, 42,734 of sweet potatoes, 17,011 bales of cotton, and 25,738 gallons of molasses. Capital, Clayton. III. A S. county of Kansas, not yet settled, bordering on Indian territory ; area, 780 sq. m. The Nescatunga river, a trib- utary of the Arkansas, intersects the S. W. cor- ner, and a branch of the former also drains the N. and E. portions of the county. BARBOl'R, James, an American statesman, born in Orange county, Va., June 10, 1775, died June 8, 1842. While very young he served as a deputy sheriff, and at the age of 19 was ad- mitted to the bar. He was a member of the legislature of Virginia from 1796 to 1812, when he became governor of the state. After serv- ing two terms in this office he was elected to the United States senate (1815), where for sev- eral sessions he was chairman of the committee on foreign relations. He remained in the sen- ate till 1825, when President John Quincy Adams appointed him secretary of war. In 1828 he became minister to England, but was recalled the next year by President Jackson, of whose administration and that of Mr. Van Buren he was a vigorous opponent. In 1839 he presided at the Ilarrisburg convention, which nominated Gen. Harrison for president. BARBOl'R, John, a Scottish poet and histo- rian, born in Aberdeen about 1320, died about 1396. Little is known of his early life. He was appointed archdeacon of Aberdeen by David II. in 1356. He made two visits to Ox- ford by royal permission for the purpose of studying, and in 1368 obtained a passport to France for a similar object. At one time he was one of the auditors of the exchequer for King Robert II. The work which has made his name famous is his poem of "The Bruce," a history of the life and deeds of Robert Bruce. He is known to have also written a metrical romance, now lost, called "The Brute," on the mythical Brutus the Trojan. Barbour re- ceived two pensions, one charged on the cus- toms of Aberdeen for life, and another in per- petuity from the borough rents, recorded as a reward for the production of "The Brute." At his death he assigned the latter to the chap- ter of the cathedral church of Aberdeen, to pay for an annual mass for his soul. The first known printed edition of "The Bruce" is that of 1616 (Edinburgh), but there is believed to have been an earlier one. The best of the later editions is that of Dr. Jamieson (4to, Edinburgh, 1820). BARBY, a town of Germany, in the Prussian province of Saxony, on the left bank of the Elbe, 15m. S. E. of Magdeburg; pop. in 1871, 5,212. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of woollens and linens. The Moravians in 1749 established at Barby a Padagogivm (educational institution), which in 1809 was transferred to Niesky in Lusatia. The town has a normal school and a hospital for the blind. It was formerly the seat of the counts of Barby, who became extinct in 1659. BARCA, a country of Africa, bounded N. by the Mediterranean, E. by Egypt, W. by the gulf of Sidra or Great Syrtis, S. by the Libyan desert. It lies between lat. 29 and 33 N., Ion. 20 and 25 E., and corresponds nearly to the ancient Cyrenaica, although the bounda- ries are not clearly defined. The population is estimated at about 400,000, mostly nomadic Arabs and Berbers. The northwestern portion is elevated, has a healthy climate, and many fertile tracts producing rice, grain, dates, olives, sugar, tobacco, saffron, and senna; it is well adapted to the culture of grapes. The eastern and southern portions are sandy, gradually merging in the desert. The horses of the coun- try are of a famous breed ; there are sheep of the fat-tailed species, camels, and buffaloes. Barca is governed by its beys, who are trib- utary to the bey of Tripoli. It was an early colony of the Greeks; it afterward became subject to Egypt, and still later a province of the Byzantine empire. It was conquered by the Arabs in 641. The most important towns
