310 BARETTI BARHAM secured, he proposed the prosecution of the Girondists and the death of Marie Antoinette, the confiscation of all property belonging to outlawed citizens, the formation of a revolu- tionary army, the declaration that " terror was the order of the day," and the transporta- tion of all who had not given evidence of their patriotism (civisme) previously to a certain day. The florid and bombastic style in which he set fortli the atrocious measures of the terrorists won for him the title of the Ana- creon of the Guillotine. He was distrusted, however, by his associates, and was only saved from proscription by Robespierre, whose name nevertheless he was afterward one of the most zealous in defaming. Despite the violence of his ingratitude, a commission was appointed after Robespierre's fall to inquire into the con- duct of Bardre, Oollot-d'Herbois, and Billaud- Varennes, and in March, 1795, they were sen- tenced to transportation. BarSre was nearly torn to pieces by the mob on his way to jail. He escaped from prison, and was chosen to the corps 16gislatif in 1797 ; but the election was declared null, and his arrest was ordered again. He remained in hiding until after the .18th Brumaire, when he was included in the amnesty. He was employed by Fouche 1 to write pamphlets in the interest of Bonaparte, and the first consul made him the editor of the Memorial anti-britannique. The paper failed, but Barere had in the mean time become one of the writers for the Moniteur. During the hundred days he was called to the house of deputies, and published the Theorie de la con- stitution de la Grande Bretagne, which pro- duced a great impression. On the second return of the Bourbons he was banished as a regicide, and took refuge in Belgium. After the revolution of 1830 he returned to France, and was in 1832 elected deputy, but on account of some informality his election was declared void. He became a member of the general council of his department, and resigned in 1840. He published a great number of his- torical, political, and miscellaneous works, and two volumes of Nemoires (Paris, 1834), a new edition of which appeared in 1848. BARETTI, Giuseppe, an Italian writer, born in Turin, March 22, 1716, died in London, May 5, 1789. He was intended by his father for the bar, but, disliking the study, took to literature. After travelling in southern Europe he went in 1751 to London as a teacher of Italian, became intimate with Dr. Johnson, and published the " Italian Library," in which he gave an account of the principal authors of his native country. He afterward spent nine years on the conti- nent, wrote an excellent book of "Travels through England, Portugal, Spain, and France," and established at Venice the Fru&ta lettera- ria ("Literary Scourge"), which he made so personal that he was obliged to leave the city. Returning to London in 1769, he stabbed a man in a street brawl and was tried for mur- der, but acquitted, Johnson, Burke, and Gar- rick testifying to his inoffensive character. He was for several years foreign corresponding sec- retary of the royal academy. He published an English-Italian and Italian-English dictionary, which is still in high esteem ; an Italian and English grammar ; a Spanish and English dic- tionary ; " Introduction to the most useful European Languages ; " " Account of the Man- ners and Customs of Italy," &c. BARGAIN MI) SALE, a contract in relation to real estate, which has introduced a form of conveyance now generally used in England and this country. By the ancient English law, there could be no transfer of lands without livery of seisin, which was an actual or con- structive delivery of possession by a prescribed formality. A sale of lands in any other mode did not change the title, but it was held that if a pecuniary consideration had been paid, a contract of sale would raise a use for the bene- fit of the vendee, or in other words, that the effect would be that the vendor would hold the lands for the use of the vendee, and could be compelled to account for the profits. The statute 27 Henry VIII., called the statute of uses, annexed the possession to the use, or ex- ecuted the use, as the lawyers expressed it, thereby making the party for whose use the lands were held, technically called the cestuy que *<?, the complete owner of the lands. By the same statute it was required that a deed of bargain and sale should be enrolled in one of the courts of Westminster, or in the county where the lands lay, which furnished the sug- gestion of the practice now universal in this country of recording deeds. The effect was that in cases of freehold the statute of uses being held not to apply to lesser estates the deed of bargain and sale transferred a complete title without livery of seism ; and that form of con- veyance in consequence was brought into com- mon use. (See TRUSTS, and USES.) BARGE, an old town of Piedmont, at the foot of the Monbracco, about 30 m. S. W. of Turin ; pop. about 7,000. It has a college, a good trade, manufactories of firearms, and slate quar- ries. It suffered severely from an earthquake in 1808. i:ICII , Richard Harris, an English humor- ist, born at Canterbury, Dec. 6, 1788, died in London, June 17, 1845. He was educated at London and Oxford, studied law, but afterward devoted himself to theology, took orders, and obtained a living in Kent. While confined with a broken leg, he wrote a novel called "Baldwin," which attracted little notice. In 1821 he was elected minor canon of St. Paul's cathedral, and removed to London. His lei- sure was there devoted to writing for Gorton's "Biographical Dictionary," and occasional pieces for periodicals, and contributing to "Blackwood's Magazine " a serial story of col- lege life entitled " My Cousin Nicholas." In 1824 he was appointed priest of the chapel royal, and presented to the united metropoli- tan livings of St. Mary Magdalene and St.
