340 BAEKOW thian domination. There are also in England and Scotland numerous barrows of Druid a. Long Barrow. 6. c. Druid Barrows, d. Bell Barrow. . CODC Barrow, f. Twin Barrows. origin. Barrows are also found in large num- bers in America, the memorials of an un- known history. BARROW, a river of Ireland, next in size and importance to the Shannon, rises in the N. part of Queen's county, flows E. to the border of Kildare county, then turns to the south, form- ing the boundary between the counties of Queen's, Kilkenny, and Waterford on the W., and Kildare, Carlow, and Wexford on the E., passing the towns of Athy, Carlow, and New Ross, and after a course of about 100 m., with a descent of 227 feet, falls into the estuary which forms Waterford harbor. Near its month, 8 m. E. of Waterford, it is joined by the Suir, and near New Ross by the Nore. These three rivers are called the three sisters, from their rising in the same mountain ridge, and, after flowing through different counties, uniting near the sea. The Barrow is navigable for vessels of 300 tons as far as New Ross, 25 m., and for barges to Athy, 40 m. further, whence by means of the Grand canal it com- municates with Dublin. BARROW, Isaae,an English divine and math- ematician, horn in London in October, 1030, died there, May 4, 1677. lie was the nephew of Isaac Barrow, bishop of Sodor and Man, and the son of Thomas Barrow, who, though of an ancient Norfolk family, was linendraper to Charles I., whom he followed to Oxford, subsequently attending Charles II. till the res- toration. Young Isaac was admitted in 1643 as a pensioner in Peterhouse, Cambridge, and in 1645 entered Trinity college, obtaining the degree of M. A. in 1652 both in Cambridge and Oxford. In 1655 he set out for the continent and the East, and during his journey had a successful contest with an Algerine corsair, of which lie wrote a poetical narrative; and in Constantinople he devoted himself to the study of Chrysostom. After his return he became professor of Greek at Cambridge (1660), and of geometry at Gresham college (1662), and fellow of the newly established royal society (1663). In conformity with the will of Lucas, he was the first Lucasian professor of math- ematics at Cambridge from 1663 to 1669, when he resigned this post to his pupil and friend Isaac Newton, and devoted himself to theology, his uncle giving him a small sinecure in Wales, and the bishop of Salisbury making him a prebendary. In 1670 he received the degree of D. D. ; in 1672 he became master of Trinity college, the king, whose chaplain he was, regarding him as the best scholar of Eng- land ; and in 1675 he was made vice chan- cellor of the university of Cambridge. In mathematics, and especially geometry, he had no superior except Newton, whom he was the first to encourage. In geometry he originated the idea of the incremental triangle, and paved the way for the fluxional and differential cal- culus of Newton and Leibnitz. His posthumous Lectiones Mathematics (1783) are regarded as a model of sound principles. His principal mathematical works have been translated into English by Kirby and Stone, and by others, and were edited by the late William Whewell for the use of Trinity college, Cambridge (1861). In the latter part of his life he devoted him- self exclusively to the church, and his pulpit discourses acquired great celebrity. His ser- mons were excessively long, but effective and logical, and he was honored as a prodigy of learning, wit, virtue, and piety. In his mo- ments of leisure he composed Greek and Latin verses. He was buried in Westminster abbey, where a monument perpetuates his memory. The first edition of his theological and ethical writings, by Dr. Tillotson and Abraham Hall, appeared in 1685. An edition by the Rev. James Hamilton was published in Edinburgh in 1842 1 , and in New York in 1845 (3 vols. 8vo). BARROW. I. Sir John, an English trav- eller and author, born at Draleybeck, near Ulverstone, Lancashire, June 19, 1764, died in London, Nov. 23, 1848. He early wrote on land surveying, spent some time in a Liver- pool iron foundery, visited Greenland, was pro- fessor of mathematics at Greenwich, and, on Sir George Staunton's recommendation, accom- panied Lord Macartney as secretary to China, making himself conversant with the Chinese language, and subsequently was with him at Cape Town, as secretary and auditor of public accounts. The services which he rendered in the settlement of the newly acquired Cape Col- ony led to his being appointed in 1804 second secretary to the admiralty, which office he held till 1845, except for a short time in 1806. He was created a baronet in 1835. He promoted arctic expeditions and geographical science, and originated the plan of the geographical society, of which he was vice president. He wrote nearly 200 essays, chiefly geographical, for the " Quarterly Review," contributed to the " Encyclopedia Britannica," and published
