564 BERLIN Potsdam gate), and the Belle-Alliance platz chaeliskirche, near Bethanien. This last, built at the Halle gate, with the Friedensdenk- in 1856 after a design by Seller, in the Ro- are over nianesque style, is the finest in Berlin. mal or Peace monument. There 40 bridges, of which the most remarkable Statue of Frederick the Great, Unter den Linden. are the Schloss, Kurfursten, Friedrichs, Mar- schalls, and Konigs bridges. There are over 60 places of worship. The oldest is the Niko- laikirche, dating from the beginning, and the Marienkirche and Klosterkirche, from the close of the 13th century; the last named was re- stored in 1844. The most recent are the Petri (1846-'54), Markus (1848-'55), Andreas (1854- '6), Bartholomaus (1854-'8), and the new Doro- theenstadtische (1861-'3) churches. The most celebrated for their architecture are the Ro- man Catholic Hedvrigskirche, in the rear of Hedwigskirche. the opera house, opened in 1773, and built after the Pantheon in Rome ; the Werder'sche Kirche, a Gothic building, designed by Schin- kel (1824-'30); and the Roman Catholic Mi- Other renowned religious buildings are the temple of the Jewish reformers in the Johnnnesstrasse, built in 1855 after de- signs by Stiller, and the new synagogue in the Oranienburger Strasse, erected by Knoblauch in the ori- ental style. The old royal palace contains 600 halls and apart- ments, including a pic- ture gallery and a fa- mous chapel. The cu- polas were completed in 1854. Two bronze groups representing "The Horse Tamers'" adorn the chief en- trance. The palace now occupied by the emperor and empress is nearly opposite the university. The pal- ace of the crown prince was restored in 1857. The royal palace of Bellevue, with fine modern German paintings, is about one mile beyond the Brandenburg gate. The Konigs- wache, in the form of a Roman castrum, built by Schinkel in 1818, the new observatory, the military schools, the ministries of war and of commerce, and especially the arsenal with vast collections of trophies of war and arms, are all conspicuous edifices. The new town hall was completed in 1871. The most celebrated pub- lic building designed by Schinkel is the old museum, opposite the Lustgarten, built on thousands of piles, on a spot once covered by a branch of the Spree. Under the porticos, the principal of which is formed by 18 Ionic col- umns, are statues of Rauch, Schinkel, Winckel- mann, and Schadow. At the right side of the staircase is the famous bronze group by Kiss representing the fight of an Amazon with a tiger; on the left that of a horseman with a lion, by A. Woltt'. On the walls of the colonnade are frescoes from the designs of Schinkel, executed under the direction of Cor- nelius. On the ground floor is the antigua- rivm, with antique vases, bronzes, gems, coins, and mediseval relics. On the first floor is the sculpture gallery, with the "Boy Praying" among its finest antiques, andCanova's "Hebe" among the best modern works. The picture gallery on the upper floor, though inferior to the collections in Dresden and Munich, con- tains many fine paintings. This gallery is divided into 37 compartments. Among its most renowned pictures are those by Correg- gio of " Leda and the Swan " and " lo and the Cloud ; " Titian's portrait of his daughter La- vinia; Murillo's "St. Anthony of Padua em-
