608 BIBBIEXA BIBLE tive. The Central Georgia, the Macon and Western, the Macon and Brunswick, and the Southwestern railroads traverse the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 148,600 bushels of Indian corn, 15,610 of peas and beans, 46,075 of sweet potatoes, and 6,093 bales of cotton. There were 342 horses, 1,008 mules, 1,105 milch cows, 1,986 other cattle, and 4,103 swine. Capital, Macon. II. A cen- tral county of Alabama, watered by the Ca- hawba and Little Cahawba rivers, which unite within its limits ; area, about 520 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,469, of whom 2,408 were colored. The surface is hilly and the soil productive. Iron ore and coal are abundant. The Selma, Rome, and Dalton railroad skirts the E. boun- dary. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,828 bushels of wheat, 82,620 of Indian corn, 13,645 of oats, 14,554 of sweet potatoes, and 3,973 bales of cotton. There were 519 horses, 1,039 milch cows, 2,328 other cattle, 2,981 sheep, and 3,460 swine. Capital, Centreville. BIBBIENA, Ferdinando Gall) da, an Italian ar- chitect and painter, born in Bologna in 1657, died about 1743. His designs were of the most sumptuous character, and for many years the duke of Parma and the emperor Charles VI. of Germany employed him in painting decora- tions and architectural pieces, and in conduct- ing triumphal processions, which were famous throughout Europe. To him the stage is in- debted for the invention and decoration of movable scenery. He published several works on architecture and on the theory of perspec- tive. His father Giovanni Maria, owner of the Bibbiena estate in Tuscany, whence came the surname, his brother Francesco, and his son Antonio were all distinguished for a consider- able degree of the same talent. BIBER, George Everard, an English clergyman and author, born in Germany in 1801. He received his degree as doctor of philosophy in Tubingen and of doctor of divinity in Got- tingen, became connected with Pestalozzi's schools at Yverdun, Switzerland, and pub- lished Beitrag zur Biographie Heinrich Pesta- lozzfs (St. Gall, 1827). About this period he took up his residence in England, in 1839 be- came a naturalized British subject, and since 1842 has been curate of Roehampton, Surrey. He has taken an active part in many church movements, edited for several years the "John Bull," and contributed much to the "English Review" and other periodicals. His many publications include "The Standard of Catho- licity" (1840); " Sermons Occasional and for Saints' Days" (1846); " Bishop Blornfield and his Times" (1857); and two essays (1870) en- titled "The Value of the Established Church to the Nation "and "Robbing Churches is Robbing God." BIBKRACH, a town of Wurtemberg, in the circle of Donan, at the confluence of the Bibe- raeh with the Riss, a tributary of the Danube, 2 m. S. S. W. of Ulm; pop. in 1871, 7,091. It contains four churches, a hospital, and a col- lege, and has tanneries, breweries, manufactories of linen, woollen, and paper, and an active trade in grain. Till 1802 Biberach was a free impe- rial city. It then came under the government of Baden, but was ceded to Wtirtemburg in 1806. On May 9, 1800, the French general Moreau won here a great victory over the Austrian general Kray. Wieland was born in Biberach. BIBESCO, George Demetrios, prince, a Walla- chian statesman, born in 1804. He is of a dis- tinguished family, was educated in Paris, and served in important public offices. He aided in the overthrow of Alexander Ghika in 1842, and succeeded him as hospodar (1843), but was driven from power by a revolutionary rising in 1848. In 1857, at the request of the" Porte, he aided in preparing for the political union of Wallachia and Moldavia tinder the rule of a foreign prince. In 1862 he was elected to the Roumanian parliament, but declined. His brother, BAKBO DEMETKIUS STIRBEY, who died in 1869, was hospodar of Wallachia from 1849 to 1856, but absent from his capital during the Russian invasion of 1853-'4; and another brother, JOHN, was minister of religion and education from 1850 to 1853. Three sons of Prince George served as officers in the French army. One of them, NICHOLAS, distinguished himself in Algeria, and married Ney's grand- daughter Mile. d'Elchingen. BIBLE (Gr. /fc/P.fo, books), the name applied by Chrysostom in the 4th century to the books of the Old and New Testaments, which had been called the " Scripture." The ancient plural has been transformed into a singular noun, in view of the recognized unity of the books of the Bible, which is thus called THE BOOK by way of eminence. The Bible has two general divisions, the Old Testament and the New ; the Greek <5ia8f/Kii, meaning disposi- tion by will, is used both in the Septnagint and in the Greek New Testament for the " covenant " or compact between God and man. The Old Testament was divided by the Jews into three parts, viz., the law, the pro- phets, and the sacred writings. The law comprised the five books of Moses. The prophets comprised the earlier prophets, so called the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings; and the later prophets three major, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, and 12 minor, Hosea to Malachi. Under the sacred writings were included the poetical books, Psalms, Proverbs, Job ; the " Five Rolls," Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesi- astes, Esther; also the books of Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and 1 and 2 Chronicles. The num- ber of the books and their grouping have va- ried in different versions. Our English Bible gives 39. Jerome counted the same books so as to equal the 22 letters of the Hebrew alpha- bet ; Judges and Ruth, the two books of Samuel, two of Kings, two of Chronicles and the 12 minor prophets making five books. The later Jews of Palestine counted these 24. As to their order, the Masoretic arrangement,
