692 BLAKEY commanded as lieutenant the brig Enterprise, cruising upon the eastern coast. In the same year he was promoted to the rank of master commandant and appointed to the new sloop "Wasp, in which he sailed from Portsmouth, N. H., on a cruise, May 1. 1814. On June 28, in lat. 48 36' N., Ion. II 6 15' W., he fell in with and captured, after a severe engagement, the British sloop Reindeer. Tho danger of recap- ture being great, Opt. Blakely destroyed his prize and put into Lorient with his prisoners. For this exploit congress voted him a gold medal. The Wasp sailed from Lorient Aug. 27 on another cruise, and made several cap- tures, one a vessel laden with guns and military stores, which was cut out of a convoy in charge of a line-of-battle ship. On the evening of Sept. 1 he captured the Avon, and subse- quently took several other prizes and destroyed them. On Sept. 21 he captured the brig Ata- Innta and sent her to Savannah with a prize crew. On Oct. 9 the Waip was spoken by a Swedish brig, but was never heard from again. BLAKEY, Robert, an English metaphysician and author, born at Morpeth, Northumberland, in 1795. He published in 1829 "The Free- dom of the Divine and Human Wills," and his reputation was increased in 1833 by his " His- tory of Moral Science," which has been adopted as a text book in several American colleges. In 1834 he published an "Essay on Logic," and in 1835 was appointed professor of logic and metaphysics in Queen's college, Belfast ; but the state of his health disabled him from teaching. His chief work is a "History of the Philoso- phy of Mind" (4 vols., 1848; new ed., 1850). The degree of Ph. D. was conferred on him by the university of Jena. Among his other works are "Lives of the Primitive Fathers" (1842), "Temporal Benefits of Christianity" (1849), " Historical Sketch of Logic " (1851), and " History of Political Literature " (3 vols., 1855 et seq.). He has also published several volumes on angling and sporting topics. BLA. I. Jean Joseph Louis, a French politi- cal and historical writer, born in Madrid, where his father was inspector general of finance tin- der Joseph Bonaparte, Oct. 28, 1813. His mother was a Corsican, and the sister of the celebrated Pozzo di Borgo. He was educated for the diplomatic service ; but his father lost his fortune in the revolution of 1830, and in 1832 the son became tutor to a private family at Arras. Eemoving to Paris in 1834, he be- came editor of the Bon Sens, a periodical of considerable influence. He left it in 1838, and established La Revue du Progres, to promote the combination of the democratic associations, and to further the cause of political reform. A treatise on the "Organization of Labor," first published in this journal, appeared sepa- rately in 1840, and gave him a position as one of the ablest writers of the socialistic school. He maintained that industry ought to be con- ducted not for individual profit, but for the benefit of the community, each person con- BLAXC
- ributing to the common stock according to liis
capabilities, and receiving from it according to lis wants, under the supervision of the govern- ment. This work was followed soon after by nis Histoire de dix am, in which the political incidents of the period from 1830 to 1840 were described with remarkable animation and sagacity, and the policy of Louis Philippe and the ministers of the 'bourgeoisie was criticised with scathing partisan logic. The first two volumes of his equally brilliant Histoire de la revolution franfaise (completed in 12 vols. in 1862) appeared shortly before the outbreak of the revolution of February, 1848, in bringing about wbvjh the works of Louis Blanc were probably more influential than those of any democratic writer of the epoch. He became a member of the provisional government, and procured the adoption of a decree abolishing capital punishment for political offences. He also contended for the creation of a ministry of progress, and, not being able to carry that measure, withdrew from the government, but at the request of Ms colleagues took back his resignation, and became the president of a com- mission to consider the labor question, which held its sittings at the Luxembourg palace, but accomplished nothing. He was accused of being implicated in the insurrectionary move- ments of May and June, and on the night of Aug. 25 his prosecution was authorized by the constituent assembly, of which he had been elected a member. He escaped to England, where he remained in voluntary exile until the downfall of Napoleon III. He then returned to France, was chosen a member of the national assembly (1871), and acted with the radical par- ty, though he held himself aloof from the com- mune. Among his publications written in exile are Pages d'histoire de la revolution de Fewier (1850), Revelations historiques (1859), and Histoire de la revolution de 1848 (2 vols., 1870), all chiefly devoted to the defence of his own course in the February revolution, and Lettres sur VAngleterre (2 vols., 1866). In 1849-'51 he also edited and almost entirely wrote the Nowveau Monde, a monthly journal (Paris). II. Augnste Alexandra Charles, brother of the preced- ing, born at Castres, Nov. 17, 1815. He ob- tained distinction as an engraver and art critic, and was at the head of the department of fine arts in the ministry of the interior from 1848 to 1852. In 1845 he published the first volume of ISHistoire des peintres francais au XIX. siecle, which has never been finished. With the assistance of eminent writers he has con- tinued the publication of Armengaud's illus- trated Hi&toire des peintres de toutes les ecoles (1849-'69), and is the sole author of its biog- raphies of French and Dutch painters. His other works include Les peintres des fetes galantes (1853) ; Le tresor de la euriotite (2 vols., 1857-'8) ; Vcewere complet de Rembrandt (2 vols., 1859-'63); and Grammaire des arts du dessin (1867). He became editor-in-chief of the Gazette des Beam Arts, founded in 1859
