ILLINOIS ILLYRIA 193 ILLINOIS, a river of the United States, and the largest in the state to which it gives its name. It is formed in Grundy co., in the N. E. part of the state, about 45 m. S. W. of Lake Michigan, by the union of Kankakee and Des Plaines rivers, the former of which rises in the N. part of Indiana and the latter in the S. E. part of Wisconsin. The Kankakee receives the Iroquois, and from that point to its junc- tion with the Des Plaines is sometimes known as the Iroquois. The Illinois flows nearly W. to Hennepin, in Putnam co., and thence S. W. and finally S. until it unites with the Mississip- pi between Calhoun and Jersey counties, 20 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. It is about 500 m. long, and is navigable at high water for 245 m. It is deep and broad, in several places expanding into basins which might almost be called lakes. Peoria, the most important city on its banks, is built on the shore of one of these basins. Its principal affluents are the Fox, Spoon, Crooked creek, the Mackinaw, Sangamon, and Vermilion. Above the mouth of the Vermilion, in La Salle co., it is obstruct- ed by rapids, and a canal has been built from this point to Chicago, a distance of 96 m. Uninterrupted water communication is thus se- cured between the lakes and the Mississippi. The Illinois was ascended by Marquette in 16Y3, and explored in 1679-'80 by La Salle and Hennepin, who entered it by the Kankakee, which they reached from Lake Michigan by means of the St. Joseph river and a short por- tage, and sailed in canoes, La Salle as far as the present site of Peoria, and Hennepin to the Mississippi. In 1682 La Salle navigated the whole course of the river. ILLOHSATI (Lat., the enlightened), a name supposed to have been given to the newly bap- tized in the early Christian church, because a lighted taper was put into their hands as a symbol of enlightenment ; subsequently a name assumed at different periods by sects of mystics or enthusiasts who claimed a greater degree of illumination or perfection than other men. The most famous of these sects were the Alombrados or Alnmbrados (the enlightened) in Spain at the end of the 16th century ; the Gufirinets, named after their founder Pierre GuSrin, in France in the 17th century ; and an association of mystics in Belgium in the 18th. The most celebrated society of the name was that founded in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, a Ger- man professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, and a man of great originality and depth of thought, with the ostensible object of perfecting human nature, of binding in one brotherhood men of all countries, ranks, and religions, and of sur- rounding the persons of princes with trustwor- thy advisers. Apostles, styled areopagites, were sent to various parts of Europe to make converts, and before the existence of the socie- ty became generally known branches had been established in various parts of Germany, in Holland, and in Milan. Young men from 18 to 30 years of age, and Lutherans rather than Roman Catholics, were preferred as members. The illuminati gained much influence by the accession to their ranks of Knigge the author, and by the sympathy of many freemasons. At the height of its prosperity the society had 2,000 members. The order was divided into three classes and several subdivisions. The first, or preparatory class, was divided into novices, minervals, and illuminati minores. The second class was that of the freemasons, who were ranked as apprentices, assistants, and masters ; it included two higher grades, that of the illuminatus major, or of the Scottish novice, and that of the illwninatus dirigens, also called the Scottish knight. The class of mysteries was divided into major and minor mysteries, of which the latter included the two grades of priests and regents. The major mys- teries comprised the grades of magus and rex. The mysteries related to religion, which was transformed into naturalism and free thought, and to politics, which inclined to socialism and republicanism. The order corresponded in cipher, and used a peculiar phraseology ; Jan- uary was called Dimeh; February, Beumeh; Germany, the Orient ; Bavaria, Achaya ; and Munich, Athens. Every illuminatus received a new name ; Weishaupt was Spartacus, and Knigge was Philo. But Knigge and Weishaupt could not agree, and this, as well as the oppo- sition of the Roman Catholic clergy, proved fatal. The society was prohibited by the Ba- varian government in 1784, and its papers were seized and published under the title Ei- nige Originaltchrtften des Illvminatenordens, auf hiichsten Befehl gedruckt (Munich, 1787). Works on the subject were published by Weis- haupt, Knigge, Nicolai, and Voss (1786-'99). II.LYKIA (anc. IHyricum and Illyrit ; Ger. Tllyrien), a name anciently applied to all the countries on the east coast of the Adriatic, the adjacent islands, and western-Macedonia, inhab- ited by the Illyrians, a tribe believed to have had a common origin with the Thracians. Philip of Macedon subdued the Illyrians east of the river Drilo (now Drin), 359 B. 0. Illyricuni was subsequently divided into Illyris Graca and Illyris Barbara. The latter soon became a Roman province, designated as Illyris Romana, and included a part of the modern Croatia, the whole of Dalmatia, almost the whole of Bosnia, and a part of Albania. The principal tribes after whom the districts were called were the Japydes, Liburni, and Dalmatians. The Liburni were the first subdued by the Romans; and after the conquest of the Dalmatians, in the reign of Augustus, the entire country became a Roman province. After that time the Illyr- ians, and particularly the Dalmatians, formed an important part of the Roman legions, and were esteemed the most warlike of the empire. Illyris Grseca, or Illyria proper, embraced the greater part of the modern Albania. The ter- ritory of this division consisted principally of mountain pastures, with some fertile valleys. The various tribes of the Grecian Illyrians
