20 HOWARD HOWARD UNIVERSITY vices in this battle Col. Howard received from congress a silver medal. He fought at Guil- ford Court House (March 15), materially aiding Greene in effecting his retreat, and again at Hobkirk's Hill (April 25). After the latter battle he succeeded to the command of the 2d Maryland regiment. At Eutaw Springs (Sept. 8) his troops were so cut up that the com- mand was reduced to Col. Howard, a single commissioned officer, and 30 men. With this small force he was returning to the charge when he was severely wounded. lie was governor of Maryland from 1789 to 1792, Uni- ted States senator from 1796 to 1803, and in 1798 was selected by Washington, in anticipa- tion of war with France, for one of his briga- dier generals. During the panic in Baltimore subsequent to the capture of Washington by the British troops in 1814, he was one of the most earnest opponents of 'the capitulation. HOWARD, Oliver Otis, an American soldier, born at Leeds, Maine, Nov. 8, 1830. He gradu- ated at Bowdoin college in 1850, and at West Point in 1854, and became instructor in mathe- matics there in 1857. He resigned his com- mission as first lieutenant June 4, 1861, to take command of a regiment of Maine volunteers. At the battle of Bull Run he commanded a bri- gade, and was made brigadier general of volun- teers, Sept. 3. He was assigned to a brigade in the army of the Potomac, and in the battle of Fair Oaks, June 1, 1862, lost his right arm. After the battle of Antietam he took command of a division of the 2d corps, and at the battle of Chancellorsville he commanded the llth corps. At Gettysburg, after the death of Rey- nolds, he commanded during the first day of the battle. He afterward received a commis- sion as major general of volunteers, dating from Nov. 29, 1862. He was engaged at Lookout Valley, Oct. 29, 1863, at Chattanooga, Nov. 23-25, and in the operations for the relief of Knoxville in December. On July 27, 1864, he took command of the army of the Tennessee. He was in most of the battles of the Georgia campaign ending in the capture of Atlanta, and commanded the right wing of Sherman's army in its march to the sea and through the Carolinas. He was appointed a brigadier gen- eral in the regular army, his commission to date from Dec. 21, 1864; and brevet major gen- eral March 13, 1865. On May 12, 1865, he was appointed commissioner of the freedmen's bu- reau, and held that office until the closing of the bureau by law, June 30, 1872. He was made a trustee of Howard university March 19, 1867, president of that institution April 6, 1869, and resigned in 1873. He was appoint- ed special commissioner to the Indians March 6, 1872, and spent eight months on that duty in New Mexico and Arizona. In March, 1874, he was tried by court martial on charges of Eecuniary dishonesty in the management of the reedmen's bureau, and was acquitted. HOWARD, Thomas, third duke of Norfolk, an English statesman, born about 1473, died July 18, 1554. In 1513 he became high admi- ral of England, and in the same year aided his father in gaining the battle of Flodden field, for which he was created earl of Surrey. He afterward quelled an insurrection in Ireland under O'Neal, and one incited by the Catho- lics in the north of England. Though a stanch Catholic, he succeeded by his prudent conduct in disarming for a long time the suspicion and jealousy "of Henry VIII., who however con- demned to death his son, the accomplished earl of Surrey. The duke himself was finally con- demned to be beheaded for treason ; but the king dying before his execution, a respite was granted him, and he was kept a prisoner in the tower throughout the reign of Edward VI. On the accession of Mary in 1553 he was re- . stored to his rank and property. HOWARD, Thomas, earl of Arundel. See ARUNDEL. HOWARD UNIVERSITY, an institution of learn- ing in Washington, D. C., organized by a special act of congress in 1867, and named from Gen. O. O. Howard, one of its founders. It was do- signed to afford advanced instruction especial- ly to colored students, but in the admissions no distinction is made as to color or sex, and among its instructors and students are white and colored persons of both sexes. The uni- versity grounds are near the head of Seventh street, where are grouped nine buildings, the chief of which is four stories high and contains rooms for lectures and recitations, a chapel, library, philosophical apparatus, museum, and offices. Miner hall is three stories high, with rooms for 100 young women, while Clark hall has accommodations for 200 male students. The general management of the institution is vested in a board of 21 trustees. The univer- sity comprises a normal department with a two years' course of study, including also, for younger students, the model school and the Miner school ; the preparatory, with a course of three years ; the collegiate, four years ; the theological, two years; the law, two years; the medical, three years; and the military, commercial, and musical departments. An ex- amination is required for admission to the col- legiate department, and upon the completion of the course the degree of A. B. is conferred. Special efforts have been made to give the law department the most complete facilities for im- parting a thorough legal education. From this school have graduated 49 young men and one young woman. The whole number of in- structors connected with the university is 28, including 4 in the collegiate, 5 in the theologi- cal, 3 in the law, and 9 in the medical depart- ment. The number of students in 1872-'3 was 238 in the normal, 100 in the preparatory, 35 in the collegiate, 26 in the theological, 67 in the law, 45 in the medical, 84 in the commercial, and 21 in the musical department ; total, after deducting repetitions, 567. About two thirds of the students are colored. Indigent students may be relieved from paying the tuition fee.
