324 INVERNESS the jejunum are small branching clusters of follicles, the glands of Brunner. The follicles of Lieberkuhn are simple open glandule, straight narrow creca, very abundantly dis- tributed through the entire length of the in- testinal tube. The product of these two sets of glandular follicles is the intestinal juice, a colorless, viscid, alkaline secretion, which rap- idly converts hydrated starch into sugar, and probably also effects other important changes in the digestive process. When the extent of these glandular structures of the intestine is considered, the beneficial action of purgative medicines, in hastening the removal of various morbific matters from the system by direct stimulation, may be easily understood. INVERNESS (formerly Innerness), a borough and seaport of Scotland, capital of Inverness- shire, situated on both sides of the river Ness, INVERNESS-SHIRE a mile from its estuary and 9 m. above the junction of the latter with the Moray frith, at the N. entrance of the Caledonian canal, and 115 m. N. N. W. of Edinburgh; pop. in 1871, 14,463. The principal part of the town is on the right bank of the river, and the two sides were formerly connected by a stone bridge, built in 1685, carried away by a flood in 1849, and replaced by an- iron suspension bridge. The town has five principal streets, with houses generally well built of stone, and many fine churches, banks, hotels, and public buildings. It has a coasting and foreign trade through the Moray frith and Caledonian canal, and exports grain, potatoes, wool, woollen cloth, ropes, sail cloth, leather, ale, whiskey, and dairy produce. The imports in 1871 were valued at 27,714,012 (from the United States, 3,026,867), the exports at 6,339,701 (to the Inverness. United States 359,348). Inverness is a town of great antiquity. On an eminence 8. E. of the town anciently stood a castle, in which it is supposed that Duncan was murdered by Macbeth. The castle was destroyed by Mal- colm Canmore, who erected a new one, which was for several centuries used as a royal for- tress, within whose walls a parliament was held during the reign of James I. On the site of this castle, which was blown up in 1746 by the troops of Prince Charles Stuart, stand now the court house and the county buildings. Crom- well erected a fort on the N. side of the town near the mouth of the Ness, which was de- molished at the restoration, but part of the rampart still remains. Culloden moor is 3 m. from the town. INVERNESS, a county of Nova Scotia, Canada, occupying the W. portion of Cape Breton; area, 1,221 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 23,415,, of whom 18,197 were of Scotch, 2,682 of French, 1,307 of Irish, and 1,030 of English descent. It is well watered, and contains excellent farm- ing land. Coal and petroleum are found. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture and fishing. Capital, Port Hood. INVERNESS-SHIRE, a county of Scotland, stretching diagonally across the mainland from sea to sea, between lat. 56 40' and 57 40' N., and including on the west the island of Skye, several smaller islands, and most of the Outer Hebrides; area, 4,255 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 87,480. The S. W. shores are deeply indented by arms of the sea, and on the N. E. is Moray frith. The country is mountainous, well wood- ed, and generally fertile ; about 112,000 acres are under cultivation. The Monadlia (gray mountain), or Monagh Lea, and the Benalder mountains are the principal ranges, each with an altitude of 3,000 ft. Ben Nevis, the lof-
