584: JAY JAZYGES In 1818 lie was appointed a judge of the court of common pleas, and in 1820 was made the first judge of Westchester co., which office he held till 1842, when he was superseded on ac- count of his anti-slavery opinions. In 1835, when the legislature had in contemplation a law restricting freedom of speech on the sub- ject of slavery, he advised the grand jury that it would be the duty of every citizen to resist such a law as a violation of the constitution. The same year, on behalf of the executive com- mittee of the American anti-slavery society, he prepared a reply to the current charges against the abolitionists, and published a work entitled " An Inquiry into the Character of the Ameri- can Colonization and Anti-Slavery Societies." In 1838 he published "A View of the Action of the Federal Government in behalf of Sla- very." In 1843-'4 he visited Europe, and pro- ceeded thence to Egypt, where he made the acquaintance of Sir Gardner Wilkinson, in con- junction with whom he investigated the subject of Egyptian slavery. He was for some years president of the American peace society, and in 1848 published a volume entitled " War and Peace : the Evils of the First, with a Plan for supporting the Last," which was reprinted by the London peace society. His plan consisted in treaty stipulations for the settlement of dif- ferences by arbitration. The committee on foreign relations of the United States senate, to whom a memorial on the subject was refer- red, reported in favor of his plan ; and Mr. Cobden wrote to him: "If your government is prepared to insert an arbitration clause in the pending treaties, I am confident that it will be accepted by our negotiators." By his will he left a bequest of $1,000 for " promoting the safety and comfort of fugitive slaves." His publications on all subjects were 43 in number, many of which were widely circulated and exercised much influence on public opinion. His largest work was the "Life and Writings of John Jay" (2 vols. 8vo, New York, 1833). He left in manuscript an elaborate commentary on the Bible. III. John, son of the preceding, born in New York, June 23, 1817. He studied and practised law, became prominent in the anti-slavery and other political movements, was active in the affairs of the Episcopal church, was for many years a manager and correspond- ing secretary of the New York historical so- ciety, and has published numerous pamphlets, addresses, and reports relating to these subjects. He was one of the founders and for some time president of the Union league club of New York. In 1869 he was appointed minister to Austria, which post he still holds (1874). JAY, William, an English clergyman, born at Tisbury, Wiltshire, May 8, 1769, died in Bath, Dec. 27, 1853. The son of a stone-cutter, he began life as his father's apprentice, and was employed in building Beckford's mansion at Fonthill. His talents attracted the attention of the Rev. Cornelius Winter of the Marl- borough dissenting academy, under whose pro- tection and direction he prepared for the Con- gregational ministry. He began preaching in his IGth year. His first important sphere of labor was at Hope chapel, near Bristol. From thence he removed in 1789 to Argyle chapel in Bath, where he was settled as pastor Jan. 31, 1791, and officiated till he retired from the active ministry in January, 1853. His pub- lished sermons have passed through several editions. He also wrote an " Essay on Mar- riage," "Memoirs of the Rev. Cornelius Win- ter," " Memoirs of the Rev. John Clark," and "Lectures on Female Scripture Characters" (1854). His most popular work, however, was his " Morning and Evening Exercises " (4 vols., 1854), which has had a very wide circulation. His earlier works were collected in 12 vols. (Bath, 1845-'9 ; republished in 3 vols., New York). His autobiography, with a supplement by the Rev. Dr. Redford and the Rev. J. A. James, appeared in 1854. JAYADEVA, a Hindoo poet, born at Kenduli, a town of doubtful position, but according to tradition near the Ganges, about the middle of the 12th century. The only poem of his extant is entitled Gita Govinda, in honor of Govinda or Krishna, the eighth avatar or in- carnation of Vishnu. It is a species of pastoral drama, in which the loves of the god and his innamorata Radha are described in very impas- sioned language. This poetry has always been greatly admired by the Hindoos, and most of the commentators contend that it is to be un- derstood in a figurative and allegorical sense, the loves of Krishna and Radha describing the attraction between the divine goodness and the human soul.- There is an English translation of it by Sir William Jones, who admits the allegorical meaning, though others think it merely an amatory poem. JA/KT, Jean Pierre Marie, a French engraver, born in Paris, July 31, 1788. Under the di- rection of his uncle Debucourt he became fa- mous by aquatint engravings of some of the most celebrated works of Vernet, Gros, Dela- roche, and other eminent painters, and was still at work in 1864, though then in his 76th year. His son EUGENE, who excelled in the same art, met with a tragic end in 1856; and another son, ALEXANDBE JEAN Louis, executed a popu- lar engraving of Trumbull's "Declaration of American Independence " (1861). JAZYGES, a tribe belonging to the numerous nationalities comprehended during the earlier period of the Roman empire under the name of Sarmatians, wjio dwelt originally on the northern shores of the Black sea and sea of Azov. In the time of the emperor Claudius, being pressed by their neighbors, they divi- ded into three bodies, which established them- selves respectively on the Don, between the Dnieper and the Dniester, and in the marshy region between the Theiss and the Danube. The two former divisions became tributary to the Goths ; the third, because of their posi- tion between Pannonia and Dacia, lived under
