600 JEJEEBHOY JELLACHICH DE BUZIM troversy. The Jews of later periods, either from religious awe, or from a misunderstand- ing of Ex. xx. 7, Lev. xxiv. 16, abstained from pronouncing it, and, wherever it occurred in reading, substituted the word Adonai (the Lord), unless it followed that word, when they substituted Elohim (God) ; and it is now gener- ally believed that the interlinear vowel signs attached to the Hebrew tetragrammaton Ylivh belong to the substituted word. The practice antedates the Greek version of the LXX., who everywhere substitute niipiof. Many believe Yahveh or Yuhaveh to be the original pronun- ciation ; but even Gesenius admits that " those who regard Jehovah as the true pronunciation are not without some apparent grounds." The name is derived by some modern critics from names of Egyptian divinities, supposed to have been nationalized by Moses; by others it is compared with the Jove of the Romans. Its resemblance to two other Hebrew words for the Divinity, Jab. (Yah) and Ehyeh, in part strengthens and in part weakens these suppo- sitions, which have been exhaustively treated by Tholuck (Literaritcher Anzeiger for May, 1832. ; translated for the "American Biblical Reposi- tory," No. xiii., pp. 89-108). What is certain is the connection of the word, in its original or adapted form, with the Hebrew root havah or hayah, to be, and its meaning throughout the Scriptures " the Being " or " the Everlasting." JEJEEBHOY, Sir Jamsetjee, a Parsee philan- thropist, born in Bombay, July 15, 1783, died there, April 14, 1859. His parents were poor, and in early life he made several voyages to China. In one of these the ship in which he sailed was captured by the French, and he thus lost his property ; but he died worth $4,000,- 000. As early as 1822 he released the debtors confined in jail by paying their debts ; and his donations to public objects were estimated at about $1,500,000. In 1842 he was knighted by the queen of England, and in 1843 a gold medal bearing the image of Victoria set in dia- monds was presented to him by the British government. Among his charities is the great hospital in Bombay bearing his name, and opened in 1845. Connected with it, and also endowed by him, is the Grant medical college. In various parts of the country he built com- fortable places of refuge for the convenience of travellers. An establishment at Bombay for the education and support of poor Parsee children he endowed at an expense of $250,- 000. In one gift he devoted to education $150,000, besides the schools which bear his name, and also contributed $50,000 for a school of design. He established benevolent institu- tions in Bombay, in Surat, in Nowsaree, in the Baroda territories, where his parents lived, and in many other places. He built the cause- way which unites the islands of Bombay and Salsette, the water works at Poonah, the bridges at Earla, Parta, and Bartba, and many other public works. In June, 1856, at a pub- lic meeting, a statue was voted to him. His statue, that of the first native Indian placed by the side of the monuments of Elphinstone, Malcolm, and Forbes, was set up in the town hall of Bombay, and exposed to public view, Aug. 1, 1859. He was advanced to the dignity of a baronet of the United Kingdom by letters patent of Aug. 6, 1857. His title descended to his eldest son CURSETJEE (born Oct. 9, 1811), who is a magistrate of Bombay. Under an act of the legislative council of India he as- sumed his father's name, Sir Jamsetjee Jejee- bhoy, which is to be that of all his successors. JELALABAD, a town of Afghanistan, capital of a province of the same name, 75 m. E. of Cabool, near the Cabool river. The station- ary population is little more than 2,000, but is increased to 20,000 in the cold season by the influx from the neighboring mountains. It is wretchedly built and filthy, but has a consider- able commerce and a large bazaar. It is re- nowned for the heroism displayed here by a single English brigade under Gen. Sale, who, after sustaining a long siege, defeated in March, 1842, a large Afghan force. (See AFGHANIS- TAN.) JELALABAD or JULLALABAD is also the name of another town in Afghanistan, former- ly Dooshak or Deshtak, capital of Seistan, near the mouth of the Helmund, 240 m. W. by S. of Candahar; pop. about 10,000. It is well built, chiefly of brick, and is the residence of a prince called king of Seistan. JELF. I. Richard William, an English clergy- man, born in London in 1798, died in Oxford, Sept. 19, 1871. He graduated at Oxford in 1820, was elected fellow of Oriel college, and became tutor. In 1826 he was appointed pre- ceptor of Prince George, afterward king of Hanover. He became canon of Christ church in 1831, and in 1844 Bampton lecturer and principal of King's college, London. He pub- lished a number of works, mostly theological, among which are: "Sermons, Doctrinal and Practical" (1835); "The Means of Grace" (Bampton lectures, 1844); and a new edition of the "Works of Bishop Jewel" (8 vols., 1847-'8). II. William Edward, brother of the preceding, born in Gloucester in 1811. His education was received at Eton and at Christ- church, Oxford, where he graduated in 1833. He became tutor and censor of his college, and afterward public examiner and proctor of the university. During two years (1846-'8) he was one of the select preachers at Whitehall, and he was appointed Bampton lecturer in 1857. His principal work is " A Grammar of the Greek Language" (2 vols. 8vo, 1842-'5; 3d ed., enlarged and improved, 1861). He has edited Aristotle's " Ethics," with English notes, and published a volume of sermons (1848), " Sermons on Christian Faith " (Bampton lec- tures, 1857), and "Supremacy of Scripture," a reply to Dr. Temple (1861). JELLACHICH DE BFZOI, Joseph, baron, an Austrian general, born in Peterwardein, Oct. 16, 1801, died in Agram, May 19, 1859. He was a colonel at the commencement of the Hun-
