JERVAS orations. An improved sort called S. hylri- dum-eompactum, very popular for table deco- ration, is depicted above. JEKVAS, Charles, a British painter, born in Ireland about 1676, died in London in 1739. He studied for a short time under Sir Godfrey Kneller, and in France and Italy, although de- ficient in the most essential principles of art, he acquired a factitious reputation ; and havinp given drawing lessons to Pope, the poet dedi- cated to him an epistle full of extravagant praise. Horace Walpole denounced his inferi- ority, but Jervas was so conceited that on com- paring his copy of a Titian to the original he exclaimed, "Poor little Tit! how he would stare." Lord Orford says that " the badness of the age's taste and the dearth of good masters placed Jervas at the head of his profession." JERVIS, Sir John, earl of St. Vincent, a Brit- ish admiral, born at Meaford, Staffordshire, Jan. 9, 1734, died March 15, 1823. He entered the navy at the age of 10 years, and became post captain in 1760. He distinguished himself in several naval engagements, was made 0. B. in 1782, and during the same year sailed with Lord Howe to the relief of Gibraltar. Ho was promoted to the rank of rear admiral in 1787, and was in parliament from 1782 until the beginning of the French revolution, after which he sailed to the West Indies and captured Martinique and Guadeloupe. He was appoint- ed admiral of the blue, June 1, 1795, and on Feb. 14, 1797, off Cape St. Vincent, defeated a Spanish fleet which was nearly twice as strong as his own. For this he was raised to the peerage by the title of earl of St. Vincent and Baron Jervis of Meaford, receiving a pension of 3,000. He was first lord of the admiralty from 1801 to 1804. JESI, or lesl (anc. JEsis or jEsium), a town of Italy, in the province and 15 m. S. W. of the city of Ancona, on the N. bank of the river Esino (anc. jsis) pop. about 20,000. It is an episcopal see, and one of the most im- portant towns of the province, with manu- factures of woollen and silk goods, and with increasing activity owing to the railway con- nection with Ancona. Under the Romans it was a municipiiim, and from ancient inscrip- tions appears to have been a colony. The emperor Frederick II. was born here. JESI, Samnele, an Italian engraver, born in Milan about 1789, died in Florence, Jan. 17, 1853. He was a pupil of Longhi, and first brought himself into notice by his engraving of the Madonna with St. John and St. Stephen, from Fra Bartolommeo's picture in the cathe- dral at Lucca. Subsequently he devoted him- self to the works of Raphael. His portraits of Leo X. and Cardinals Rossi and Giulio de' Medici, from the original in the Pitti palace, are much admired. The latter is said to have occupied him five years. JESSAMINE. See JASMINE. JESSAMINE, a central county of Kentucky, bounded S. by Kentucky river ; area, 160 sq. 453 VOL. ix. 40 JESUITS 623 m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,638, of whom 3,439 were colored. It has a somewhat diversified sur- face, with a soil of more than ordinary rich- ness. The Kentucky Central railroad termi- nates at the county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 79,562 bushels of wheat, 30,176 of rye, 409,505 of Indian corn, 58,740 of oats, 13,644 of potatoes, 14,175 Ibs. of wool, and 78,915 of butter. There were 2,594 horses, 1,016 mules and asses, 1,543 milch cows, 3,889 other cattle, 3,483 sheep, and 10,150 swine; 3 manufactories of carriages, 1 of bagging, and 1 distillery. Capital, Nicholasville. JESSE, John Heneage, an English author, born about 1815, died in July, 1874. In 1839-'40 he published " Memoirs of the Court of Eng- land during the Reign of the Stuarts" (4 vols. Svo), which he continued in his "Me- moirs of the Court of London from the Revo- lution in 1688 to the Death of George III." (3 vols., 1843). He also published "George Selwyn and his Contemporaries" (4 vols., 1843); "Memoirs of the Pretenders and their Adherents " (2 vols., 1845) ; " Literary and His- torical Memoirs of London " (1847), and a sec- ond series under the title " London and its Ce- lebrities" (1850) ; " Richard III. and his Con- temporaries " (1861), criticising the view com- monly taken of the character of Richard ; " Me- moirs of the Life and Reign of George III., with Original Letters of the King and other Unpublished MSS." (1867) ; " London, its Cele- brated Characters and Places " (3 vols., 1870); and several volumes of poems. JESSO. See YEZO. JESSULMEER, a town of British India, capital of a native state of the same name, the west- ernmost of Rajpootana, situated in a rocky dis- trict, 190 m. N. E. of Hydrabad on the Indus; pop. estimated at from 30,000 to 40,000, nearly all Hindoos, the ruling class being the Bhatti tribe of Rajpoots. It is one of the finest towns in that part of India, about 2 m. in circuit, with gates, ramparts, and bastions, and a lofty citadel enclosing six temples and other remark- able buildings, and the palace of the maha Ra- wul, the sovereign, which is surmounted by a huge metal umbrella. The dwellings are re- markably well built. The most conspicuous building has five stories of cut stone, and a sixth of timber, surmounted by five cupolas. Opium is used to excess. There is little trade, and the fortifications are decaying. JESUITS, or Society of Jesns (Span. Campania de Jesus), a religious order of the Roman Cath- olic church. St. Ignatius Loyola, its founder, does not appear to have known that the title of " Society of Jesus " had been bestowed in the 15th century on an order of chivalry estab- lished by Pope Pius II., the members of which bound themselves by special vow to fight un- ceasingly against the Turks. This fact is at-
- ested in a letter of that pope dated Mantua,
Oct. 13, 1459, and addressed to Charles VII. of France, begging him to permit one of his nobles "to enter into the society bearing the
