64G JOHANNA ISLAND JOHN upon by the tribe, as the defeat of a war party was ascribed to a letter sent by him to his countrymen. At Albany the Dutch com- mander, aware of this, urged Jogues to escape. He succeeded with great difficulty, and reached a vessel in the river in August, 1643 ; but the tribe made such furious demands for their cap- tive that Jogues was taken ashore again till the Mohawks were appeased. He then came to New Amsterdam (now New York), where Gov. Kieft received him kindly, and sent him to Europe in the first vessel. This ship had to put into Falmouth, England, whence he pro- ceeded to France. He returned to Canada in time to witness the negotiations with the Iro- quols at Three Rivers, July 12, 1644. In May, 1646, he set out with M. Bourdon to confirm the peace in the Mohawk castles, and on his way visited Lake George, to which he gave the name Lac St. Sacrement. Peace being to all appearance firmly established, he returned to prepare for the founding of a Mohawk mis- sion. He set out Sept. 27, 1646, but was re- ceived as an enemy, diseases in the tribe being ascribed to a box left by him. He and his companion', Lalande, were almost immediately put to death. He wrote at Albany a long Latin letter describing his captivity, a description of New Netherland as he saw it, and an account of Rene 1 Goupil. These with his letters have been published by the New York historical so- ciety (New York, 1847-'8) ; also his Novum Belgium, with translation and notes (4to, New York, 1862). A life of Jogues, by the Rev. F61ix Martin, S. J., appeared at Paris in 1873. JOHANNA ISLAND, called also ANZOOAN, or HINZDAN, the most frequented of the Comoro islands, in Mozambique channel, E. coast of Africa ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. said to be about 20,000. It is extremely fertile and picturesque. Its centre rises into a single peak, 5,900 ft. above the sea. JOHANNES SECOfDUS, a Dutch poet, whose true name was JAN EVERARD, born at the Hague, Nov. 14, 1511, died in Utrecht, Sept. 24, 1536. He gained while young the degree of LL. D., and had also some celebrity as a sculptor and painter. After travelling in Spain and Italy, he accompanied Charles V. on his expedition to Tunis. His poems are written in purely classical Latin, and the Baxia (" Kiss- es," Utrecht, 1539) have been ranked by his admirers with the lyrics of Catullus. They have been repeatedly translated into the prin- cipal European languages ; and an edition, with translations by different English scholars and with notes, was published by Bohn (London, 1858). His Opera Poetica, consisting of ele- gies, odes, epigrams, and other poems, were published by his brothers, the poets N. G. and A. M. Everard (Paris, 1541 ; Gottingen, 1748 ; Leyden, 1821). JOHANNISBERG. See GERMANY, WINES OF. JOHANNOT. I. Charles Henri Alfred, a French artist, born in Offenbach, Hesse-Darmstadt, March 21, 1800, died in Paris, Dec. 7, 1837. Having shown considerable talent as an en- graver in Paris, in 1831 he attempted painting. His "Shipwreck of Don Juan" and "Cinq Mars " attracted the notice of Louis Philippe, who gave him several commissions, and at his death he was rising into eminence. II. Tony, brother of the preceding, born in Offenbach, Nov. 9, 1803, died in Paris, Aug. 4. 1852. In making designs for vignettes he displayed much talent. His illustrations for " Werther," Moliere's works, "Gil Bias," the "Vicar of Wakefield," and Sterne's " Sentimental Jour- ney " are well known. JOHN, the name of 23 popes, of whom the following are the most important. I. John I., SAINT, born in Siena about 470, died in Rome, May 27, 526. He was a cardinal priest when he succeeded Hormisdas, Aug. 13, 523. Shortly after his election he was sent to Constantinople by the Arian king Theodoric, to obtain from the emperor Justin milder measures toward the eastern Arians. He was received with much honor by the emperor, whom he solemnly crowned in March, 525. Justin revoked all rigorous laws against the Arians, but refused to restore the churches taken from them. John, having returned to Italy, was imprisoned by Theodoric, treated with great rigor, and died in captivity. He is honored as a martyr in the western church, and his feast is cele- brated on May 27. II. John VIII., born in Rome about 820, died there, Dec. 15, 882. He was cardinal-archdeacon when he succeeded Adrian II., Dec. 14, 872. From the beginning of his pontificate his partiality for the French made him odious to the Italians. He crowned Charles the Bald of France as emperor in 875, and in 876 deposed Formosus, bishop of Porto, reduced him to lay communion, and banished him to France, whence he bound him by oath never to return. The innocence of Formosus, who was afterward pope (891), is now generally admitted. John, having solicit- ed in vain the help of Charles against the Sar- acens who occupied southern Italy and were threatening Rome, purchased peace by prom- ising to pay them an annual tribute. After the death of Charles the Bald he supported the claims of Charles the Fat against his Italian rivals, crowned him at Ravenna in 877, and was compelled to fly to France in 878, where he presided over the council of Troyes and crowned Louis III. lie returned to Rome in 879, and at the prayer of the Greek emperor Basil I. approved of the restoration of Photius to the see of Constantinople. Soon afterward he retracted this approbation, and pronounced against Photius a sentence of deposition. This vacillating conduct caused Baronius to say that in the pontificate of John VIII. the church was governed by a woman. John gave to the duke of Gaeta the district of Traetto and the town of Fondi, in order to induce him to take up arms against the Saracens. In 879 he sum- moned to Rome St. Methodius, apostle of the Slavs, and confirmed him as independent me-
