KAMENETZ KAMES 739 the advancement of education and civilization among them. During his reign, however, the Roman Catholic missionaries were banished from the islands. He suffered greatly from . the efforts made by officers of several foreign powers, especially by the English Capt. Belcher and the French admi- ral du Petit - Thouars, to intimidate him, and force him to consent to measures favorable to their own nationalities ; but he successfully re- sisted their attempts. IV. Son of Kekuanaoa, governor of Oaliu, and adopted son of the pre- ceding under the name of Alexander Liholiho, born Feb. 9, 1834, died in Honolulu, Nov. 30, 1863. In 1850 he visit- ed Europe with his el- der brother, afterward Kamehameha V. ; and soon after his return he succeeded to the throne (1854). In 1856 he mar- ried Emma, the daugh- ter of a high native chief by an English woman, and the adopted daughter of an English physician at the islands, Dr. Rooke. Both the king and queen had thus enjoyed the benefit of a good education by Americans, and were of much greater re- finement and broader culture than their pre- decessors. A son was born to them May 20, 1858, but he died when but four years old. In a fit of intoxication the king wounded one of his companions by a pistol shot. Remorse for this act, and grief at the death of his son, hastened the progress of his last illness. Du- ing his later years he translated the " Book of Common Prayer " into Hawaiian, omitting the Athanasian creed. V. Called Lot, elder brother of the preceding, born Dec. 11, 1830, died in Honolulu, Dec. 11, 1872. Succeeding his broth- er in 1863, he made great changes in the affairs of the kingdom. In 1864 he set aside the con- stitution given by Kamehameha III., and pro- claimed instead of it a more absolute one, which was accepted only after much parliamen- tary opposition. His reign was prosperous, but comparatively uneventful. He died unmar- ried, and the direct line of the Kamehamehas ended with him. He failed to nominate a suc- cessor, as provided by the constitution; and after his death Prince Lunalilo, of a high fam- ily of native chiefs, was elected to succeed him. KAMENETZ, Kamlentef, or Kamenetz-Podolskol, a town of Russia, capital of the government of Podolia, 12 m. N. of the Dniester, on the left hank of its confluent the Smotritza, 235 m. N. W. of Odessa; pop. in 186V, 22,490, of whom half are Jews. It is the seat of a Greek eparchy and a Roman Catholic see. The prin- cipal buildings are the cathedral of Peter and Paul and four other Greek churches, several con- vents, one Armenian and three Roman Catho- lic churches, a Greek theological seminary, a gymnasium, two public schools, and a govern- ment library. The town has some manufac- tures and a considerable trade, especially in peltries with Moldavia. Its fortifications were razed in 1812; it has still a citadel and a de- tached fort. This place was the strongest bul- wark of the Poles toward their Turkish fron- tier. The Turks took it in 1672, and held it till the peace of Carlovitz in 1699. k IMK>/. See CAMENZ. KAMES, Henry Home, lord, a Scottish jurist, born at Kames, Berwickshire, in 1696, died Dec. 27, 1782. He was educated at the uni- versity of Edinburgh, and, after nearly 30 years' practice at the bar, was in 1752 elevated to the bench as a judge of the court of session. In 1763 he was made a lord of justiciary. Un- der the title of Lord Kames he filled both of- fices with ability and integrity until the close of his life. As an author he is known by nu- merous works on law, metaphysics, criticism, agriculture, &c., covering a period of more than 50 years. To legal literature he contrib- uted a series of reports, consisting of an abridg- ment of the " Decisions of the Court of Ses- sion " from its foundation, arranged like a dic- tionary (2 vols. fol., 1741), " Remarkable De- cisions of the Court of Session " (2 vols. fol., 1728-'66), covering nearly the whole period between 1716 and 1752, and "Select Decisions of the Court of Session from 1752 to 1768" (1 vol. fol., 1780); "Statute Law of Scotland abridged, with Historical Notes " (8vo, 1757) ; "Principles of Equity" (fol., 1760), &c. In 1747 he published " Essays on several Subjects concerning British Antiquities," and in 1751 appeared his "Essays on the Principles of Mo- rality and Natural Religion," a work of ability,
