KANSUH KANT 757 1873 were 4,202; of sheep, 5,975. The pack- ing business is extensive, and has increased with great rapidity. The number of hogs pack- ed in 1868 was 13,000 ; in 1869, 23,000 ; in 1870, 36,000 ; in 1871, 83,000; in 1872, 180,000 ; and in 1873, 194,944, the products being valued at $2,339,358. The number of cattle packed in 1872 was 20,500, value of products $615,000; in 1873, 26,549, value of products $796,470. There are four large packing houses, with ca- pacity, during the season from Nov. 1 to March 1, for packing 480,000 hogs, and during the year 700,000. The receipts of grain in 1872 were 1,001,293 bushels; in 1873, 1,718,- 280, including 750,400 of wheat, 836,300 of Indian corn, and 105,200 of oats. The ship- ments in the latter year were 1,130,380 bush- els; products of the mills, 98,500 barrels of flour and 100,000 bushels of corn meal. Manufacturing industry is limited, and with the exception of a few branches is confined to a single establishment of a kind. The principal items are cigars, tobacco, ale and beer, saddles and harness, furniture, brass castings, scales, soap, types, roofing, lightning rods, cooperage, carriages and wagons, crackers, bricks, and blank books. There are 12 banks and branches, with an aggregate capital of $1,257,500. The city is divided into six wards, and is governed by a mayor and a board of aldermen. It has a well organized fire department and an efficient police force. The valuation of property in 1872 was $11,993,060 ; in 1873, $12,687,875 ; taxation in the latter year, $348,916 56 ; ex- penditures, $336,387 97. There are a city hospital and a workhouse, an orphan asylum, a woman's home, and a Catholic hospital with a large building in process of erection. The public schools are in a flourishing condition. The number of school houses in 1873 was 14, of which 9 were owned by the city and 5 rented ; number of schools, 14 (1 high, 10 dis- trict, and 3 colored) ; rooms occupied, 59 ; sittings, 3,056 ; teachers, 59 ; children of school age (5 to 21), 6,636 ; number enrolled, 4,259 ; average attendance, 2,224. There are two medical colleges (the Kansas City college of Ehysicians and surgeons and the medical col- sge of Kansas City), a Catholic female college (St. Teresa's academy), an opera house, 2 the- atres, 4 daily (1 German), 2 tri-weekly, and 8 weekly (1 German) newspapers, and 1 bi- monthly periodical. The number of churches is 28, viz. : 2 Baptist, 1 Christian, 1 Congrega- tional, 2 Episcopal, 1 German Evangelical, 2 Jewish, 2 Lutheran (1 German), 6 Methodist, 6 Presbyterian, 3 Roman Catholic, 1 Spiritual- ist, and 1 Unitarian. Kansas City was laid out in 1830, but its growth was slow till 1856. Its progress was retarded by the civil war, but has since been remarkably rapid. Improved trade relations have recently been formed with Gal- veston and Houston, Texas, which are expected to enhance greatly the prosperity of the city. K Asrjl, a N. W. province of China, bounded N. and N. E. by the desert of Gobi and Mon- golia, E. by Shensi, S. by Szechuen, and W. by the mountainous districts adjoining the Koko Nor; area, 86,608 sq. m. ; pop. about 15,- 000,000. It comprises a large portion of the ancient kingdom of Tangut. The Hoang-ho traverses the province in a N. E. direction, and receives many affluents. The Peling and Sin- ling mountains are in some places 10,000 ft. high, and on the S. border line of Kansuh and Szechuen are the Kin-long-shan mountains. Coal exists in the E. part, and gold, silver, cop- per, and jade are said to be found in the moun- tains. The climate is cold, and the soil is not generally fertile excepting E. of the Hoang-ho, where the cereals are cultivated to some ex- tent. The Tartars in this province maintain large flocks and herds of sheep and cattle, and wild animals abound. Capital, Lanchow. KANT, Immannt'l, a German metaphysician, born in Konigsberg, April 22, 1724, died there, Feb. 12, 1804. He was of Scotch de- scent ; his grandfather probably emigrated from Scotland near the close of the 17th cen- tury, and settled at Tilsit. His father, John George Cant, came to Konigsberg in early life, and followed the trade of a saddler. His mother, Anna Eegina Reuter, of German stock, was a woman of a refined and elevated charac- ter, and of deep religious feeling. The philoso- pher was the fourth of their 11 children. He tells us that when a boy he was idle and a truant; yet he also showed zeal in acquiring knowledge, and his parents gave him the best education their slender means would allow. Like Schelling and Hegel, he was first destined to the theological career. From his 8th to his 16th year he was a student in the Collegium Fredericianum of his native city, under the care of Dr. Schulz. Ruhnken the philologist was a fellow student, and they pursued together the study of the classics. Here, too, he felt the influence of pietism, then predominant in the college ; and also learned the rudiments of the abstract philosophy of Wolf, which had the speculative ascendancy in philosophical and theological schools. But as yet he showed no metaphysical talent, though he was an indom- itable worker. His character was influenced by the rigid morality and independence of his father and the piety of his mother. In 1740 he entered the university as a student of theolo- gy; but his first attempts at preaching met with such poor success, that he concluded that he was destined for a different career, and ap- plied himself with earnestness to mathemat- ics and the physical sciences. His first essay, written in 1746, at the age of 22, was on " The True Measure of Living Forces," and con- tained an acute criticism of the arguments of Leibnitz and Descartes, with an attempt to mediate between the German and French schools, by distinguishing between dead and living powers. His father died in 1746; he had lost his mother 11 years before; and, that he might not be a burden upon his uncle, who had already aided him, he was compelled from
