KELLERMANN 6,000 ft. above the sea, 195 m. S. by E. of Can- dahar ; pop. about 12,000. It is surrounded by an earth wall 18 ft. high, flanked with bastions. In the vicinity is a district that produces largo quantities of fruit. A number of Afghan mer- chants reside at Kelat, and carry on a consid- erable trade with Sinde, Bombay, and Canda- har. The chief manufactures are muskets, swords, and spears. Kelat was captured by the British in 1839, and again in 1840, and was evacuated by them in 1841. KELLERMAM. I. Francois Christophe, duke of Valmy, a French soldier, born in Strasburg, May 30, 1735, died in Paris, Sept. 12, 1820. Enlisting as a private in 1752, he served during the seven years' war and obtained the rank of captain. In 1771 he was among the French officers sent to Poland to assist the confederates of Bar, and fought bravely. In 1785 he had reached the rank of brigadier general. On the breaking out of the revolution he espoused the popular cause, and in 1791 was appointed to the command of the army in Alsace. He succeeded in keeping the Austrians from that province and Lorraine ; and having joined Du- mouriez, he shared in the victory of Valmy (Sept. 20, 1792), by which the Prussians were expelled from the French territory. In 1793 he commanded the army of the Alps, and de- feated the Piedmontese, thus bringing about the surrender of Lyons. Becoming unaccept- able to the commissioners of the convention, he was dismissed from his command, arrested, and imprisoned for 13 months. After the 9th Thermidor, being reinstated in command of the army of the Alps, which amounted to but 47,000 men, he successfully opposed the repeated attacks of 150,000 Piedmontese and Austrian troops. In the following year he received an appointment in the military bu- reau at Paris. Bonaparte, after the 18th Bru- maire, made him a senator ; and on the estab- lishment of the empire he was made a mar- shal, received the title of duke of Valmy, and held important commands from 1804 to 1813. On the restoration he evinced his readiness to serve the Bourbons, and took a seat in the chamber of peers, where he favored liberal measures. II. Francois Klicnnc, son of the pre- ceding, born in Metz in 1770, died June 2, 1835. Ho early received a commission in a cavalry regiment. In 1791 he was attached to the embassy of the chevalier de Ternant in the United States, where he spent two years. He returned to France to become aide-de-camp to his father, and lost his post after the siege of Lyons ; but his well known patriotism saved him from imprisonment, and he reentered the army as a private. On the 9th Thermidor he resumed his former rank, served as adjutant general under Bonaparte in 1796, and after- ward, under Massena, distinguished himself at Bassano, Arcole, and elsewhere, was sent to Paris to present the standards taken from the enemy to the directorial government, and was appointed brigadier general. In 1800 he ae- 463 VOL. ix. 50 KELUNG 783 companied the first consul to Italy at the head of a brigade of cavalry, and participated in the battle of Marengo, where by a well timed charge he decided the victory ; he was reward- ed by promotion to the rank of general of di- vision. In 1805 he fought brilliantly at Auster- litz, where he was severely wounded. He served in Portugal and Spain from 1807 to 1812, in Germany in 1813, and in France in 1814, and finally distinguished himself in the engage- ments that preceded the battle of Waterloo. On the return of the Bourbons he withdrew from the service. He succeeded his father as a peer, and like him inclined to liberal opinions. He wrote two pamphlets about the battle of Marengo, and left Memoires, upon which his son constructed a history of the campaign of 1800. KELLOGG, Clara Louisa, an American singer, born in Sumter, S. 0., of New England parents, in 1842. At the age of seven she was able to read difficult music at sight. She was educated in this country, and at the age of 18 sang at a private morning performance of II Poliulo in the New York academy of music. Her first public appearance was made at the same place, Feb. 27, 1861, in the role of Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto ; and on March 19 she made her debut in Boston in Linda di Chamounix. Her merits were quickly recognized, and her career almost from the first was one of assured suc- cess. In 1865 she entered into an engagement for three years with the manager of the Italian opera in New York, and during this period added constantly to her fame. The most notable of her impersonations were in the operas of Crispino, Fra Diavolo, and Faust. She sang in the first performance of the last named opera in America. On Nov. 2, 1867, she ap- peared successfully at Her Majesty's opera, London, in Faust. Returning to America in 1868, she remained here for four years, ap- pearing again at the Drury Lane opera in the spring of 1872. In the winter of 1873-'4 she organized a company and appeared in English opera in the principal cities of the United States. Her voice is a pure high soprano, pleasing in quality, remarkably firm and cor- rect in intonation, and of considerable power. Though she has appeared in tragic as well as in comic opera, and though Marguerite in Gou- nod's Faust is one of the best of her r61es, it is in comic opera that her talents as a singer and as an actress find their best expression. KELUNG, a town of the Chinese empire, in the N. part of the island of Formosa, situated near the head of the harbor, and important only for the trade carried on with other Chi- nese ports, chiefly in rice, camphor, and tea. Coal, which is found in the neighborhood, was exported in 1870-'71 to the extent of $500,000, chiefly to Shanghai. Kelung and Tanshui, or Tamsui, are the N. ports of the Chinese por- tion of the island which have been opened to foreign trade. There is also an island of Ke- lung, important as a landmark to the harbor, consisting of a mass of black rock 600 ft. high.
