KENTUCKY 805 7,000 Kentuckians are said to have been in the field. After the treaty of 1814 Kentucky was undisturbed by any stirring events. The progress of the state, however, was rapid, and the development of agriculture and other branches of industry within her borders sig- nally well sustained. The second constitution took effect in 1800, and continued in force un- til the adoption of the present one in 1850. At the beginning of the civil war, Kentucky, fa- voring an amicable adjustment of the difficul- ties between the north and the south, assumed a position of neutrality, and determined to re- sist the invasion of the state by either the fed- eral or the confederate forces. At the presi- dential election in 1860, 66,058 votes had been cast for Bell, 53,143 for Breckenridge, 25,651 for Douglas, and 1,364 for Lincoln. In Febru- ary, 1861, the legislature, refusing to call a state convention to consider the subject of secession, passed resolutions appealing to the southern states to stop the revolution, protesting against federal coercion, and favoring the calling of a national convention for proposing amendments to the constitution of the United States. The requisition upon Kentucky for volunteers, made by the secretary of war immediately after the attack on Fort Sumter, was met by a re- fusal on the part of Governor Magoffin to fur- nish any troops. However, Lieut. William Nelson of the navy, a native of the state, be- gan to recruit volunteers for the national ser- vice, and toward the end of July established a camp of organization in Garrard co., which he called Camp Dick Robinson. Volunteers rap- idly assembled, and by the end of September three full regiments of infantry and one of cavalry were ready for service, besides one full regiment of refugees from East Tennessee, and one nearly full. Recruiting for the national ser- vice was carried on during the same time at oth- er points. Governor Magoffin protested against this, and urged the general government to with- draw these forces from the state. President Lincoln refused to do so, on the ground that he " did not believe it was the popular wish of Kentucky that this force should be removed be- yond her limits." At elections held in May and June it was shown that a great majority of the people were in favor of the Union. Early in September the state was invaded by a strong confederate force from Tennessee, under Gen. Polk, who occupied and fortified Hickman and Columbus, important points on the Mississip- pi river. About the same time a confederate force under Gen. Zollicoffer advanced from Tennessee into southeastern Kentucky, and Bowling Green was occupied by a large body of confederate troops under command of Gen. Buckner. Federal forces also began to con- centrate at several points in large numbers. Gen. Robert Anderson was appointed to the command of this department, but was soon succeeded by Gen. Sherman, upon whose resig- nation Gen. Buell assumed command. During the latter part of 1861 there were numerous skirmishes and unimportant engagements be- tween the opposing forces in the state. In November 200 persons, not elected by any constituency, but coming from 51 counties of the state, assembled in convention at Russell- ville, then within the confederate lines, and or- ganized a provisional government consisting of a governor, legislative council of ten, a trea- surer, and auditor. George W. Johnson was chosen for governor. He was subsequently killed at the battle of Shiloh, and Richard Hawes was chosen in his place. In January, 1862, Gen. Buell, having concentrated a large army at Louisville, sent a division under Gen. George H. Thomas to attack the confederate force in southeastern Kentucky, which had been reenforced by the division under Gen. Crittenden. In the battle of Mill Spring (Jan. 19) which ensued, the confederate forces were defeated, and Gen. Zollicoffer was killed. At the same time a large force was concentra- ted at Paducah, Cairo, 111., and St. Louis, Mo., under command of Gen. Halleck, for oper- ations in Kentucky and Tennessee. After the success of the expedition under Gen. Grant against Forts Henry and Donelson in Febru- ary, the confederate forces abandoned Bowling Green and Columbus and withdrew from the state. Governor Magoffin resigned in August, and was succeeded by James F. Robinson, speaker of the senate. In September Gen. Bragg at the head of a large confederate force invaded the state from East Tennessee, and advanced rapidly toward Louisville, to which place the governor and legislature retired with the state archives. By forced marches Gen. Buell succeeded in getting between Louisville and Bragg's army, and on Oct. 8 a battle was fought at Perryville, Boyle co., with heavy loss on both sides. Bragg then withdrew his forces from the state, having meanwhile occu- pied Frankfort and all the country north of the Kentucky river, apparently threatening Cin- cinnati. Steps had been taken for inaugura- ting the provisional confederate state govern- ment at the capital, but the ceremonies were interrupted by the advance of the Union troops, and that organization disappeared. The state continued to be disturbed by raids, and mar- tial law was declared by President Lincoln, July 5, 1864. The civil authority was restored by President Johnson on Oct. 18, 1865. In 1869 and in 1870 the legislature refused by a large majority to ratify the 15th amendment to the federal constitution. KENTUCKY, a river of the state of the same name, rising in the Cumberland mountains on the S. E. frontier. Its principal feeders are the North, Middle, and South forks, which unite in Lee co., near the village of Proctor. The stream then takes a N. W. direction to the S. boundary of Fayette co., where it turns 8. W. After keeping on this course for 15 or 20 m. it resumes its former direction, and pre- serves it until it enters the Ohio in Carroll co. Its length from the junction of its head streams
