CUDBEAR CUDWORTH 559 Its expressed juice is employed as a cosmetic ; and it is said to give a pleasant suppleness to the skin. It enters into the composition of some of the French pomades. Cucumber oint- ment is prepared by stirring and beating suc- cessiTO portions of the juice of green cucumbers with melted lard and veal suet, then draining off the watery portion and melting and strain- ing the ointment. Its action is soothing and emollient. It is often applied to sore nipples and excoriations. The squirting cucumber (momordica elaterium, Linn. ; ecbalium agreste, Pritch.) grows in waste places in S. Europe, and is cultivated in England. Its fruit, when nearly ripe, separates from the stalk and ejects its seeds and juice, from which is derived a powerful drug. (See ELATERIUM.) CUDBEAR, a dyestuff prepared from several lichens, but principally from lecanora tartarea, which also furnishes the litmus cakes of the Dutch and the archil paste of the English. It is obtained from the lichens in the same man- Lecanora tartarea. ner as these dyes, but toward the end of the process it is dried in the air and pulverized. The name is a corruption of Cuthbert, from Dr. Cuthbert Gordon, who patented the mode of preparation. It is used, like archil, for giv- ing to woollens and silks a great variety of colors, but has no affinity for cotton. CUDDALORE, a town of Hindostan, in the Carnatic, on the Coromandel coast, and on the right bank of the estuary of the Punnair, 100 m. S. S. W. of Madras and 17 m. S. S. W. of Pondicherry; pop. about 30,000. The town, one of the largest in S. India, is laid out in broad regular streets, and has many good houses ; and there is considerable trade, princi- pally in the cotton cloths produced in the dis- trict. The site of the town is low, being not more than five feet above the sea, but is not unhealthy. It is a station for soldiers who have been invalided. Cuddalore has frequently changed masters. It was acquired by the East India company in 1681, taken by the French 241 VOL. v.~ 36 in 1758, and retaken by Sir Eyre Coote in 1760. In 1782 the French, with the assistance of Hyder Ali, recaptured it, strengthened the works, and placed a strong garrison in them. The British under Gen. Stuart attacked it the following year, but were repulsed. In 1795 it was restored to the East India company. CUDDAPAH, or Kurpa. I. A district of Hin- dostan, in the presidency of Madras, between lat. 13 5' and 16 20' N., Ion. 77 48' and 79 50' E., bounded N. by Kurnool and Guntoor, E. by Nellore and N. Arcot, S. by N. Arcot and Mysore, and W. by Bellary and Kurnool ; area, 12,900 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 1,343,762. It is traversed from N. to S. by a range of moun- tains connecting with the Eastern Ghauts, and is drained by the Pennar and its tributaries. The climate is very enervating for Europeans, being very hot during the day, and the air close and stagnant at night. Forests are few, and wild animals are not numerous. Cotton, wheat, and indigo are largely cultivated. On the Pen- nar, about 7m. N. E. of the town of Cuddapah, are diamond mines which have been worked for centuries, but of late they have not been profitable. Iron ore abounds, and soda, salt- petre, and common salt are found in large quantities. Cuddapah came into possession of the East India company in 1800 by treaty with the Nizam. II* A town, capital of the district, situated on the Bogawunka, a small affluent of the Pennar, 140 m. N. W. of Madras, in lat. 14 32' N., Ion. 78 55' E. ; pop. from 10,000 to 15,000. It was once a place of great conse- quence and the capital of an independent Patan state ; but most of its public buildings are now in ruins, and the greater part of the houses in the native town are mud huts. Its chief im- portance consists in its military station, 3 m. E. of the town on the opposite bank of the river. CUDWORTH, Ralph, an English divine and philosopher, born at Aller, Somersetshire, in 1617, died in Cambridge, June 26, 1688. At the age of 13 he was entered at Emmanuel college, Cambridge, in which he afterward be- came fellow and tutor. In 1641 he was pre- sented to the rectory of North Cadbury, and in the next year published a sermon -on the true nature of the Lord's supper, which at- tracted the notice of several learned writers. In 1645 he was appointed regius professor of Hebrew, in which office he continued 30 years. After a short absence from Cambridge, caused by pecuniary embarrassments, he returned in 1654, when he was elected master of Christ's college. His subsequent preferments were a vicarage of Ash well in 1662, and a prebend of Gloucester in 1678. In performing the duties of his professorship he devoted much attention to Hebrew literature and antiquities, and he was one of the persons consulted by a com- mittee of parliament concerning a new transla- tion of the Bible. In 1678 he published his great work, which had been written several years before, entitled "The True Intellectual System of the Universe," the epithet " intel-
