484 EISENBURG Elster, 40 in. S. W. of Leipsic; pop. in 1871, 5,261. It has a Protestant lyceum, an observa- tory, and manufactories of china ware and wool- len goods. An important trade is carried on in lumber. The ducal castle, Christiansburg, has a beautiful church in Italian style, built from 1676 to 1692. In 1675 Eisenberg became the capital of the new sovereign duchy of Saxe- Eisenberg, which became extinct on the death of its founder, Duke Christian. EISENBURG, a county of Hungary. See VAS. EISENLOHR, Wilhelm Friedrich, a German physicist, born at Pforzheim, Jan. 1, 1799, died in Carlsruhe, July 9, 1872. He studied at Heidelberg, and in 1819 was appointed teacher of mathematical and physical sciences at the lyceum of Mannheim, where he remained till 1840. From that date till 1865 he was pro- fessor in the polytechnic institute at Carlsruhe. His principal work is Lehrbuch der Pliysik (1836 ; 10th edition, 1872). EISENSTADT (Hun. Kis-Mdrtori), a town of Hungary, on the slope of the Leitha hills, near the frontier of Lower Austria, 11 m. K W. of Oedenburg ; pop. about 3,000. It consists of the town proper, surrounded by walls, and of the Schlossberg, which formerly belonged to the Esterhsizy family, and contains a magnifi- cent palace with pleasure grounds, a theatre, and a chapel. The library is rich in church music, masses, and oratorios, and contains some of Haydn's MSS. In a church for pilgrims on a so-called Calvary mountain the remains of Haydn are buried. EISLEBEN, a town of Prussia, in the province of Saxony, 18 m. W. by K of Halle, on the railway from Halle to Nordhausen and Cassel ; pop. in 1871, 13,434. It contains a castle, and has manufactories of linen, tobacco, saltpetre, potash, and copper, the metal being largely mined in the vicinity. The portion called the old town is surrounded with walls. It is noted as the place where Martin Luther was born and died. The house in which he was born was burned in 1689, but that in which he died is still preserved, and has been converted into a school for poor children. In an upper story of the house several relics of Luther are kept, among which is the album of his friend the painter Cranach, who made the designs for his works. In the church of St. Andrew, the pulpit from which Luther preached but a few days before his death is still preserved. EISTEDDFODS (from eistedd, to sit), meet- ings of bards held in Wales down to the time of Queen Elizabeth. Several associations have been formed in modern times in Wales which hold periodical meetings called Eisteddfods, as for example the Gwyneddigion, founded in 1770, the Cambrian, founded in 1818, and the Metropolitan Cambrian institution. They seek to preserve the poems of the ancient bards, and to promote national feelings by awarding prizes for Welsh poems, singing, &c. (See BAKDS.) EJECTMENT (Lat. ejectio firm; Fr. ejecte- ment de firme), an action for the recovery of ELAGABALUS the possession of lands. It was originally ap- plicable to the case of a lessee for years who had been dispossessed ; but by the legal fiction of supposing a lease to the imaginary person John Doe, and that he had been ousted by the other imaginary person Richard Roe, it was gradually made the substitute for the cumbrous real actions of the common law, and has come to be the common action, wherever the. com- mon law prevails, for the trial not merely of the right to possession, but to the title. To maintain the action it is sufficient that the plaintiff has a present legal right to possession, whether as tenant to another or as owner of the freehold; and a previous peaceful posses- sion is sufficient evidence of such right as against a mere intruder who shows no right in himself. The legal fictions formerly belonging to this action are now generally dispensed with, and it has become one of the most simple and direct of all legal proceedings. EKATERINBURG. See YEKATERINBUBG. EKATERINODAR. See YEKATEBINODAB. EKATERINOGRiD. See YEKATEEINOGRAD. ERATERINOSLAV. See YEKATEEINOSLAV. KKIIMIN, or Akhmin (anc. Eg. Khemmin ; Gr. Ohemmis and Panopolis), a town of Upper Egypt, on the right bank of the Nile, 60 m. above Sioot and 75 m. below Kenneh; pop. about 10,000. It stands on the ruins of one of the most ancient cities in Egypt, the capital of the Chemmite nome in the Thebaid, which was dedicated to Khem or Min, whom the Greeks identified as Pan. In the vicinity of the modern town are the remains of several temples and tombs, and large excavations have recently been made which are expected to throw new light on the condition of the an- cient empire, and especially on the .nature of the worship of Khem, who is believed to have been a phallic deity. The place contains at present the finest Coptic church in Egypt, and a Coptic and a Franciscan convent. The in- habitants carry on a lively trade in cotton goods and agricultural produce. The name of the town is sometimes given as El-Akhmim, and by the Copts as Khmim. EKRON, the most northern of the five Philis- tine cities, assigned in Joshua's distribution of territory to Judah. The ark was taken to Ekron after its capture by the Philistines. Beelze- bub was called the god of Ekron, and was here worshipped, and the prophets made this city the burden of some of their most violent de- nunciations. Its site is occupied by the town of Akir, 10 m. from the Mediterranean, 15 m. S. E. of Jaffa, and 25 m. K W. of Jerusalem. The present town is built of unburnt bricks ; and as there are no ruins, the ancient city was probably constructed of the same materials. ELAGABALUS, or Heliogabalns, Vaiiiis Avitns Bassianus, a Roman emperor, son of the senator Varius Marcellus and cousin of Caracalla, born in Emesa, Syria, about A. D. 205, killed in Rome in 222. He has been called the Sar- danapalus of Rome. While yet a child he
