132 FENTRESS FERDINAND (GEEMANY) ciardini's " History of the Wars of Italy," which he dedicated to Queen Elizabeth (1579). He afterward became the principal secretary of state for Ireland, and exerted great influence in restoring th ere loyalty and tranquillity. His daughter became in 1603 the second wife of Richard Boyle, the great earl of Cork. He published a number of other works, the best known of which are " Golden Epistles," gath- ered from the works of Guevara and other foreign authors. III. ElUah, an English poet, of the same family with, the preceding, born in Shelton, Staffordshire, May 20, 1683, died in East Hampstead, Berkshire, July 13, 1730. He studied at Cambridge, but becoming a nonjuror he was obliged to leave the university, after which he accompanied the earl of Orrery to Flanders as private secretary. On his return to England in 1705, he was employed in school teaching. Afterward the earl of Orrery con- fided to him the education of his son, and six years later Fenton became associated with Pope in a version of the Odyssey. According to Dr. Johnson, Fenton translated the 1st, 4th, 19th, and 20th books. In 1723 a tragedy en- titled "Mariamne" gained him more than 1,000. In 1727 he published a new edition of Milton's works, with a brief life of the au- thor, and in 1729 a fine annotated edition of "Waller's poems. FENTRESS, a N. E. county of Tennessee, bordering on Kentucky, and drained by sev- eral affluents of Cumberland river ; area, 570 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,717, of whom 170 were colored.' The surface consists principally of high table lands of the Cumberland mountains, affording excellent pastures. Timber is abun- dant, and coal is found in various places. The chief productions in 1870 were 10,339 bushels of wheat, 109,084 of Indian corn, 24,067 of oats, and 11,713 of potatoes. There were 942 horses, 4,624 cattle, 5,021 sheep, and 12,017 swine. Capital, Jamestown. FENWICR, George, proprietor of part of Con- necticut, died in 1657. He came to America in 1636 to take charge of the plantation of. Saybrook, so called after Lords Say and Brook, who with others had in 1632 procured a patent for the territory from Robert, earl of Warwick. Returning to England, he came back again in 1639, and from that time, as one of the patentees and agent for the oth- ers, superintended and governed the settlement Saybrook till 1644, when he sold its juris- diction and territory to the Connecticut col- ony, as his associates had given up their con- templated removal to America. He after- ward returned to England, where he became a colonel in the parliamentary army, and was appointed one of the judges of Charles I. FEODOR, or Fedor (Theodore), the name of three emperors of Russia. Feodor I., born about 1557, died in January, 1598. He was a son of Ivan IV., the Terrible, and succeeded him in March, 1584. Noted for his incapacity, his brother-in-law, Boris Feodorovitch Godu- noff, became the virtual ruler of the empire, and succeeded to the throne after having caused the assassination of Feodor's brother Deme- trius. Feodor himself, the last of the house of Rurik, was believed to have been poisoned. Feodor II., son of Boris Godunoff, was dethroned and murdered in June, 1605, after a reign of two months, by the partisans of the first pseu- do-Demetrius. Feodor III. (also designated II.), elder son of the czar Alexis, born in May, 1661, died May 8, 1682. He succeeded his father in 1676, was engaged in warfare with Poland and Turkey, curbed the power of the nobility, established in 1680 the first Russian school in Moscow, and introduced other re- forms. He excluded from the succession his imbecile brother Ivan, and bequeathed the throne to his half brother Peter the Great. FEODOSIA. See KAFFA. FERDINAND, the name of several European ' sovereigns, arranged below under the heads of Germany, Naples, Spain, and Tuscany ; Austria being included under Germany, Sicily under Naples, and Aragon and Castile under Spain. I. GEBMANY. FERDINAND I., emperor of Germany, son of Philip I. of Spain and younger brother of Charles V., born at Alcala, Spain, in 1503, died July 25, 1564. After the death of his grandfather, the emperor Maximilian L, he received as his share of the dominions of the house of Hapsburg the duchy of Austria and other German possessions. In 1521 he married Anna, sister of Louis II., king of Hungary and Bohemia, who in 1526 fell at the battle of Mohacs and left no issue. Ferdinand claimed the right of succession in the name of his wife, and by right of previous family compacts. The states of Bohemia acknowledged him, but in Hungary a strong party declared for John Zapolya, waywode of Transylvania. Ferdi-, nand marched against Zapolya, and his gen- eral Nicholas von Salm defeated him near Tokay ; but the latter soliciting the aid of the Turks, Sultan Solyman espoused his cause. Ferdinand was forced to retreat to Vienna, where he was besieged by the Turks in 1529. After a long and bloody war a treaty was con- cluded, by which it was agreed that Zapolya should preserve the title of king of Hungary during his life, together with the districts then in his possession, after which they were to pass to Ferdinand. This treaty, however, owing to the prevailing influence of the Turks in Hun- gary, was not carried into effect, and the east- ern parts of the country remained in possession of Zapolya' s successor, as prince of Transylva- nia. In 1531 Ferdinand was elected king of the Romans ; and on the abdication of Charles V. in 1556, he succeeded him in the empire. Pope Paul IV. refused to acknowledge him, on the ground that Charles V. had not ob- tained his permission to abdicate. Paul died before serious consequences had resulted from his refusal, and his successor, Pius IV., rec-
