234 FISHERIES pickled, and 15,409 boxes of smoked fish, valued at $941,896. These figures are exclu- sive of Cape Breton, the product of which in 1847 was valued at $302,616. In 1869 the number of vessels was 635, with an aggregate tonnage of 21,656, besides 319 sail boats, 3,793 skiffs, &c., and 3,558 whale boats. The ex- ports of New Brunswick in 1829 were valued at $137,930 ; in 1838, $200,405 ; in 1848, $126,- 130. The value of the fisheries of Nova Scotia in 1860 was $2,562,000 ; New Brunswick, $388,385; Canada, $700,000; total, $3,650,385. The products of the Dominion of Canada in 1869 amounted to $4,584,151 66; in 1870, to $7,677,391 72. For the year ending June 30, 1871, the products were valued at $7,673,200, viz.: Ontario, $193,524; Quebec, $1,193,612; New Brunswick, $1,185,033; Nova Scotia, $5,101,031; (Cape Breton, $1,283,050). The number of fishermen was 33,029, viz. : Ontario, 1,959; Quebec, 5,596; New Brunswick, 5,161 ; Nova Scotia, 20,313; (Cape Breton, 5,780). Quebec also returned 83 vessels, 2,651 fishing boats, 1,664 flatboats, 359 sailors, and 2,568 shoremen, as employed in the fisheries. The principal items of the catch were 670,437 cwt. of cod, 144,572 of scale fish (haddock, hake, and pollock), 13,600 of halibut, 240,305 barrels of mackerel, 385,700 of herring, 35,225 of ale- wives, 15,863 of shad, 60,050 of mixed fish, 13,317 of whitefish, 7,477 of tfout, 7,613 of salmon, 2,017,484 Ibs. of fresh salmon, 101,531 salmon in cans, 614,232 gallons of oil (mostly cod), 1,130,000 cans of lobsters, and 39,450 bushels of oysters. The value of the fisheries for the year ending June 30, 1872, was $9,570,- 116, viz.: Ontario, $267,633; Quebec, $1,320,- 189 ; New Brunswick, $1,965,459 ; Nova Sco- tia, $6,016,835. The principal items for On- tario were 17,940 barrels of whitefish, 7,586 of trout, and 6,974 of herrings; Quebec, 217,- 741 cwt. of cod, 29,047 barrels of herrings, and 136,529 gallons of cod oil; New Brunswick, 626 barrels and 1,474,777 Ibs. of salmon, 2,049 barrels and 33,680 cans of mackerel, 89,398 barrels and 572,143 boxes (smoked) of herrings, 22,996 barrels of alewives, 6,949 of cod tongues and sounds, 3,071 of shad, 7,944 of eels, 24,620 of oysters, 81,421 quintals of cod, 19,931 of pollock, 37,442 of hake, 1,190 of haddock, 1,055,485 cans of lobsters, and 81,715 gallons of oil ; Nova Scotia, 3,529 barrels and 629,525 Ibs. of salmon, 115,631 barrels and 50,500 cans of mackerel, 168,513 barrels and 34,302 boxes (smoked) of herrings, 11,712 barrels of ale- wives, 4,643 of halibut, 3,867 of shad, 525,249 quintals of cod, 24,099 of pollock, 89,214 of hake, 2,422,058 cans of lobsters, and 414,419 gallons of oil. The rivers of British Columbia swarm with salmon, and the waters of the coast abound in cod, herring, halibut, &c. ; but the fishery is undeveloped. Whitefish, trout, &c., are found extensively in Manitoba and the N. W. territory, particularly in the waters that empty into Hudson bay. The imports of fish and the products thereof into the Dominion for YEARS. Cod, quin- tal*. Herring, barrels. Cod oil, gallons. Seal oil, gallons. Seal skins, number. 1868 . . 1869.. . 1870.. . 1871.. . 1872.. . 1.169,948 1,206,441 1,215,644 1,329,366 1,222,248 186,163 179,440 146,709 187,429 147,771 830,592 1,224,468 1,071,756 1,398,852 1,097,208 1,263,460 1,406,160 1,604,988 2,143,003 1,066,456 333,306 363,021 355,428 537,094 278,372 the year ending June 30, 1872, amounted to $1,083,686, of which $41,613 were brought into Ontario, $381,982 into Quebec, $30,601 into New Brunswick, $619,243 into Nova Scotia, and $10,093 into British Columbia. Of the whole amount, $919,340 worth came from Newfoundland and Prince Edward isl- and. The exports amounted to $4,328,332, viz.: $59,856 from Ontario, $758,890 from Quebec, $271,059 from New Brunswick, $3,- 200,821 from Nova Scotia, and $37,706 from British Columbia. The principal points to which the exports were taken are the West Indies, the United States, South America, Great Britain, Italy, and Portugal. The value of fish caught in Prince Edward island in 1860 was $272,532; in 1869, $169,580, of which $110,670 were mackerel, $19,017 herring, and $39,893 cod and scale fish. The product of the Newfoundland fisheries in 1860 has been stated at $4,440,000. The principal items of export since 1868 have been as follows : In 1872 there were also exported 5,049 tierces of salmon, 2,189 barrels of trout, 1,519 of other fish, 441 cwt. of halibut and haddock, 124 packages of tongues and sounds, 9,567 gallons of whale oil, 14,616 of other oil, and 26,208 of blubber. Of the cod in the above table, 303,404 quintals were exported from Labrador, and of the herring 53,780 barrels. The total value of the exports from Newfoundland in 1869 was a little less than 1,800,000; the chief markets are Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Great Britain, and the British West Indies. The population of the colony in 1869 was 146,536, of whom nine tenths are directly or indirectly engaged in the fisheries. The number of fishermen in 1873 was 32,000. The total annual value of the fisheries on the banks and oif the coasts of the British North American provinces was esti- mated in 1869 by the United States consul at Halifax at nearly $23,000,000, viz. : provincial fisheries, nearly $12,000,000; United States, $7,000,000; French, $4,000,000. The most comprehensive account of the fisheries of the world and of their commercial value is con- tained in a report of Col. Richard D. Cutts of Washington to the secretary of state on " The Commerce in the Products of the Sea," made in 1869, and printed by order of the senate as executive document No. 34 of the 2d session of the 42d congress. The statistics are for 1865. We extract several important state- ments from this report. The following table exhibits for 15 countries the gold value of the principal products of the sea, with the chief producing countries in the order of value :
