314 FORBES FORCIBLE ENTRY and several papers on glaciers. He claimed the discovery of the real structure of glacier ice ; the treatment of glacier motion as a problem of mechanical forces and its examina- tion as such ; and, generally, the first attempt to explain the leading phenomena of glaciers. These claims involved him in a controversy with Prof. Tyndall and others. See his "Life and Letters," by Shairp, Tait, and Adams- Reilly (London, 1873). FORBES, Sir John, a British physician and writer on medical science, born at Cuttlebrae, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1787, died in London, Nov. 13, 1861. He was educated at Marischal college, Aberdeen, served in the medical de- partment of the navy, practised his profes- sion at Penzance and Chichester, and finally removed to London. In 1824 he published translations of the works of Auenbrugger and Laennec on auscultation, following them up by an original work of his own on the subject. He was instrumental in founding the British medical association, to the " Transactions" of which he contributed a paper on the " Medical Topography of the Hundred of Penrith." He was also the chief editor of the " Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine," and for 12 years con- ducted the " British and Foreign Medical Re- view," retiring in 1848. He wrote " Observa- tions on the Climate of Penzance and Land's End" (1828); "A Manual of Select Medical Bibliography " (1835) ; "Illustrations of Modern Mesmerism" (1846); "Treatise on Diseases of the Chest," and "Nature and Art in the Cure of Disease" (1857) ; "A Physician's Holiday, or a Month in Switzerland during the year 1848" (1849); " Memoranda made in Ireland in 1852 " (1852) ; and " Sight-seeing in Ger- many," &c. (1855). He was physician in ordi- nary to the household of the queen, by whom he was knighted in 1853. FORCADE, Eugene, a French author, born in Marseilles in 1820, died at Billancourt, near Paris, Nov. 8, 1869. He founded in 1837 the Semaphore, the principal newspaper at Mar- seilles, and edited it till 1840. In that year he went to Paris, and subsequently became the po- litical editor of the Revue des Deux Mondes. Overwork brought on insanity, the first symp- toms appearing in 1868, while he was attend- ing the funeral of Manin at Venice, and he never fully recovered his reason. He published fitudes historiques (1853), and Histoire des causes de la guerre d? Orient (1854). FORCE, Peter, an American journalist and historian, born at Passaic Falls, N. J., Nov. 26, 1790, died in Washington, Jan. 23, 1868. He removed to New York when a child, became a printer, and in November, 1815, removed to Washington. In 1820 he began the publica- tion of the "National Calendar," an annual volume of national statistics, which he contin- ued till 1836. From Nov. 12, 1823, to Feb. 2, 1830, he published the " National Journal," a political newspaper, which was the official journal during the administration of John Quincy Adams. From 1836 to 1840 he was mayor of Washington, and was afterward pres- ident of the national institute for the promotion of science. In 1833 he made a contract with the government for the preparation and publi- cation of a documentary history of the Ameri- can colonies, of which nine folio volumes were published, under the title of " American Ar- chives." This work occupied Mr. Force for 30 years, and in its prosecution he gathered a large and valuable collection of books, manu- scripts, maps, and papers relating to American history. In 1867 this collection was purchased by the government for $100,000, and was trans- ferred to the library of congress. He also pub- lished four volumes of historical tracts, rela- ting chiefly to the origin and settlement of the American colonies ; " Grinnell Land " (8vo, Washington, 1852); and "Record of Auroral Phenomena" (4to, Washington, 1856). FORCELLINI, Egidio, an Italian lexicographer, born near Padua, Aug. 26, 1688, died April 4, 1768. Admitted into the seminary of Padua, his progress in the ancient languages induced his master Facciolato to make him his assis- tant. In 1718 they conceived the project of publishing a universal dictionary of the Latin language ; but Forcellini being sent in 1724 to Ceneda as professor of rhetoric and director of the seminary, the execution of the task was suspended till his return in 1731. This great work was almost wholly executed by Forcellini, and for it he read with pen in hand not only the whole Latin literature, but all the collec- tions of inscriptions and medals. He died be- fore the work appeared in 1771, under the title of Totius Latinitatis Lexicon, consilio et cura Jacobi Facciolati, opera et studio ^Egidii For- cellini lucubratum. FORCHHAMMER, Johann Georg, a Danish geol- ogist and chemist, born at Husum, Schleswig, July 26, 1794, died in Copenhagen, Dec. 13, 1865. He became secretary of Oersted, ac- companied him on a mineralogical expedition to the island of Bornholm (1818-'19), and subsequently made several journeys in Great Britain, France, and Denmark at the expense of the Danish government. He was professor of geology at Copenhagen, and in 1851 suc- ceeded Oersted as secretary of the academy of sciences. His principal works are Dane- marks geognostislce ForJiold (1835), and Slcan- dinamens geognostisTce Natur (1843). He also excelled as a lecturer on chemistry and min- eralogy, and wrote a manual of universal chemistry (Lcerebog i Stoff ernes almindelige Chemie, 1834-'5). FORCIBLE ENTRY. In law, the phrase for- cible entry and detainer means the unlawful and violent entry upon and taking possession or keeping of lands or tenements, with actual or threatened force or violence. In nearly all, and indeed, in some form, in all our states, there are laws respecting this, which are usu- ally very stringent. 1. It is regarded gener- ally as an offence and made indictable, or
