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and as director general of the principal hospital of Vienna. In 1804 he went to Wilna as professor of clinics, was afterward first medical adviser of the czar and professor at the medical and surgical academy of St. Petersburg, and returned to Vienna in 1808. Napoleon consulted him in respect to Marshal Lannes, and offered him a brilliant post in France; but he remained in Germany. His advice was sought in 1814 for Maria Louisa. Among his principal works are: System einer vollständigen medicinischen Polizei (9 vols., including supplement, 1784-1827), and the unfinished Epitome de Curandis Hominum Morbis (6 parts, 1792-1800; 7th part, by Eyerel, 1821). His autobiography appeared in 1821, and his Opuscula Posthuma were published in 1824 by his son. II. Joseph, a German physician, son of the preceding, born at Rastadt, Dec. 23, 1771, died at Como, Dec. 18, 1842. He was assistant of his father in Pavia and Vienna, and became in 1804 professor of pathology at Wilna, retiring in 1824 on account of a disease of the eyes. He was one of the most influential advocates of the Brunonian system of physic, and published Grundriss der Pathologie nach den Gesetzen der Erregungstheorie (Vienna, 1803). His Praxeos Medicæ Universæ Præcepta (Leipsic, 2d ed., 1826-'43) has been translated into German (9 vols., 1828-'43) and French.
FRANKEL, Zacharias, a German rabbi and author, born in Prague, Oct. 18, 1801. He studied in Pesth, became rabbi at Leitmeritz in 1832, and chief rabbi for Dresden and Leipsic in 1836. He contributed greatly to improve the civil status of his co-religionists in Saxony, and indirectly in other parts of Germany. In 1854 he became director of the Jewish seminary at Breslau, which was opened in that year, and which has become through his influence a celebrated seat of Hebrew learning. His principal writings are: Die Eidesleistung der Juden (Dresden, 1840), which led to a liberal modification of the oath required from Jews in Saxon, Prussian, and other German courts of law; Hodegetica in Mischnam (Leipsic, 1859, with additions in 1865); Grundlinien des mosaisch-talmudisclien Eherechts (Breslau, 1859); Entwurf einer Geschichte der Literatur der nachtalmudischen Responsen (1865); and Einleitung in den Jerusalemischen Talmud (1870). He is also editor of the Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, begun in 1851.
FRANKENHAUSEN, a town of Germany, capital of one of the two sections of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, on a branch of the Wipper, 10 m. E. of Sondershausen; pop. in 1871, about 4,900. It has salt works which furnish about 20,000 tons annually, and several manufactures.
FRANKENSTEIN, a town of Prussian Silesia, capital of a circle of the same name, 36 m. S. W. of Breslau; pop. in 1871, 7,328. It has manufactures of stockings, saltpetre, and aquafortis, and a trade in flax, yarn, and grain.
FRANKFORT, a city of Franklin co., Kentucky, capital of the county and state, situated on both banks of the Kentucky river, here 250 yards wide and spanned by two bridges, 62 m. above its mouth, and on the Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lexington railroad, 24 m. W. N. W. of Lexington, and 45 m. E. of Louisville; pop. in 1850, 3,308; in 1860, 3,702; in 1870, 5,396, of whom 2,335 were colored. It is built on a high plain lying between the river and a bluff 150 or 200 ft. high, and is regularly laid out, with neat-looking houses. The portion on the S. side is called South Frankfort. The surrounding country is remarkable for its picturesque scenery. On one of the hills which overlook the city is a handsome cemetery, in which are buried several of the governors and other state officers, and also the remains of Daniel Boone, the pioneer in the settlement of Kentucky. The state monument to those who fell in the war of 1812 and the Mexican war is of white Italian marble. The principal public buildings are the state house, built in 1825 of a light-colored marble quarried from the hills near by, with a handsome Ionic portico; a new structure known as the fire-proof public offices, adapted for the wing of a new capitol; the state institution for the training of feeble-minded children; the state penitentiary, with 650 convicts; a county court house, and a handsome public school building. The river is navigable by means of locks and dams for steamboats 40 m. above the city, and for flat boats 100 m. higher. Frankfort has an important trade in poplar, cherry, walnut, ash, and oak lumber, the logs being rafted down the river and shipped by rail to the east. There are two flouring mills, a cotton mill, six saw mills, five distilleries, three banks with an aggregate capital of $1,725,000, a tri-weekly and two weekly newspapers, and six churches. The city was laid out in 1787, and became the seat of government in 1792. It was occupied by the confederates for about a month in 1862.
FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN (Ger. Frankfurt am Main), a city of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, formerly a free city and the seat of the Germanic diet, situated in a fertile valley on the right bank of the river Main, 20 m. above its confluence with the Rhine, near the Taunus mountains, 255 m. S. W. of Berlin; pop. in 1871, 90,922, of whom about 12,000 were Roman Catholics, 7,500 Jews, and the remainder Protestants. The finest street is the Zeil, united in 1856 with the Neue Kräme, and also through the new Liebfrauenstrasse with one of the principal squares, the Liebfrauenberg. The other remarkable public squares are the Rossmarkt, with a monument in honor of the art of printing inaugurated in 1857, the Goethe square, with Schwanthaler's statue of Goethe, who was born here, the Schiller square, with Schiller's statue, and the Römerberg. In the latter is the Römer, or council house, where the German emperors were elected and entertained in
