GALLIPOLI GALLITZIN 581 goods. It has many mosques, fountains, Ro- man and Byzantine ruins and monuments, and manufactures of cotton, silk, and fine morocco leather. It has two harbors, and frequently receives the imperial fleets. It is the seat of a Greek bishop. Gallipoli was formerly of great Gallipoli, importance as a centre of commerce and as the key of the Dardanelles. The commerce is still considerable in grain, wine, silk, and oil, chiefly in the hands of the Greeks. Gallipoli was captured by the Turks in 1357. GALLIPOLI (anc. Callipolis or Anxa), a forti- fied seaport town of Italy, in the province of Lecce, on an island in the gulf of Taranto, 29 in. W. S. W. of Otranto ; pop. about 9,500. It is connected with a suburb on the mainland by a bridge, is well built, and has a castle, a fine cathedral, and several convents. The har- bor is good, but difficult of access. Gallipoli has manufactures of woollen goods, muslin, and cotton stockings, and is the great mart for an inferior kind of olive oil known as Gallipoli oil, which is collected in large tanks excavated in the limestone rock. The town carries on a considerable trade, and the steamers plying between Ancona and Naples call here regu- larly. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the tunny fisheries. Gallipoli is the seat of a bishop. GALLIPOLIS, a city and the capital of Gallia co., Ohio, pleasantly situated on a high bluff on the Ohio river, 83 m. S. S. E. of Columbus ; pop. in 1870, 3,711. It is surrounded by a fertile district, and contains manufactories of leather, woollens, and flour. There are seve- ral handsome public buildings, a bank, an academy, three weekly newspapers, and 17 public schools, including a high school. It was a depot of supplies during the civil war. GALLISSOMIERE, Roland Michel Barrin, mar- quis de la, a French admiral, born in Roche- fort, Nov. 11, 1693, died at Nemours, Oct. 26, 1756. After rising through various grades in the navy, he was appointed governor general of Canada in 1747, that province being under the management of the navy department. He at once studied the resources, wants, and advan- tages of Canada, and maintained its defence till the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. His precau- tions then to secure all doubtful limits for France showed his energy. He endeavored in vain to obtain from government the establish- ment of a printing press in Canada. In 1749 he returned to France and was made commodore. He defeated Byng at Minorca in 1756. He was an able naval com- mander, a wise gover- nor, and a devoted stu- dent of science. GALLITZm, Golitzin, or Galitzin, a princely Rus- sian family, numerous members of which have distinguished themselves as soldiers, statesmen, or authors. Their origin is traced to Gedemin, prince of Lithuania and the ancestor of the Jagi- ellos. MIKHAIL commanded in 1514 a Russian army against the Poles under Prince Ostrog- ski, was defeated, taken, and held in captivity for 38 years, together with his brother Dimi- tri, who died in the last year of their deten- tion. Released by King Sigismund Augustus, Mikhail was received with distinction by the czar, but retired to a convent, where he died. VASILI defended Novgorod against the first pseudo-Demetrius, but soon followed the ex- ample of Basmanoff in espousing the cause of the pretender (1605) ; murdered the son and widow of Boris Godunoff, his late master ; was rewarded by the usurper, but conspired against him, and contributed to his fall and violent death (see DEMETEIUS) ; took part also in the conspiracy which overthrew his successor, Ba- sil Shuiski, and was a chief member of the dep- utation which offered the throne of Moscow to Ladislas, the son of Sigismund III. of Poland. Offended by the conditions of the offer, the Polish king held the Russian envoys in arrest at Kiev, where Vasili died before the termina- tion of the war between the two states. VA- SILI, surnamed the Great, born in 1633, re- ceived a classical education, fought against the Turks, Crimean Tartars, and Cossacks, and was made attaman of the latter ; was active in bringing about the great reforms of Czar Feodor Alexeyevitch ; was treated after the death of that czar with particular distinction by his sister, the princess regent Sophia ; concluded in 1686 a favorable treaty with Poland; commanded in a new expedition against the Tartars of the Crimea; promoted the ambitious designs of Sophia against her brother Peter the Great, and fell with her. He was banished first to Yarensk in the government of Vologda, and then to a dreary district in the government of Archangel, where he died. MIKHAIL, born in
