GOOD FRIDAY GOODRICH 101 e engravings of Turner's "Tivoli," "Co- logne," and " Caligula's Bridge " are splendid ecimens of the art. II. Frederick, a painter, >n of the preceding, born in London, Sept. 17, 1822. At 14 years of age he received a jrize from the society of arts for a drawing of Lambeth palace, and at 16 another for his first oil painting. He subsequently became a frequent exhibitor at the royal academy, of which he was elected an associate in 1852, and member in 1863. Several of his works, such "L' Allegro "and "The Soldier's Dream," ve been engraved. His " Tired Soldier " and " Village Festival " are in the Vernon gallery. GOOD FRIDAY, the anniversary of Christ's death. It is only in England that the term "good" is applied to this feast. Its ancient tie was Holy Friday, or the Friday in Holy eek. The Saxons named it " Long Friday," th because of its long religious services and its rigorous and protracted fast. The Ger- s term it sometimes Stiller Freitag, be- se bells and organs are silent on that day, d sometimes Char-Freitag, from an old word eaning penitence. As it commemorates the on which Christ, the true paschal lamb, as slain, it was designated as "the pasch" some of the ancient eastern churches ; but e appellation of " pasch of the crucifixion," >r " the sorrowful pasch," was soon universaliy pplied to it by the Greeks, and it is still so lied in the East and in several countries of western Europe. The early Christian writers ntion it as a day of rigorous fasting and liar solemnity. The ritual observed both the Greek and Latin churches has special reference to the circumstances of Christ's eath and entombment. Hence in all large urches an altar in a separate chapel is deco- " with all possible magnificence, and called the sepulchre." Thither the consecrated ost, or "body of the Lord," is borne in sol- procession on Holy Thursday, and con*- nues to be visited throughout the day by wds of worshippers. On Good Friday morn- g, after the chanting of the prophecies fore- lling Christ's death and of the recital of his assion from the Gospel of St. John, takes lace the "adoration" or kissing of the cross, crucifix is placed on the steps before the igh altar, and while the choir sings the im- roperia, or reproaches of the Messiah to e people who crucified him, the officiating slergy and their attendants approach bare- boted, each one making three successive pros- .tions before they kiss the feet of the sacred age. It is then presented by the celebrant the sanctuary railing to the veneration of e people. In England, before the reforma- tion, this ceremony was called the creeping the cross, as appears from a proclamation of Henry VIII. : " On Good Friday it shall be de- clared ho we creepy ng of the crosse signify eth humblynge of ourselfe to Christe before the , and the kissynge of it a memorie of our .emption made upon the crosse." After this ceremony the consecrated host is brought in procession from "the sepulchre" to the high altar, where it is incensed, offered to the adoration of all present, and consumed by the celebrant. This is called the "mass of the presanctified " or preconsecrated bread, as the eucharistic elements are not consecrated on that day. In honor of the redemption accom- plished on Good Friday, it was customary in the early church to release public penitents from their probation and the excommunicated from their ban. The first Christian emperors, not satisfied with closing the law courts during Holy and Easter weeks, honored the anni- versary of salvation by liberating from prison and recalling from exile all but the worst crimi- nals ; and also, to encourage the practice then becoming general of manumitting slaves in re- membrance of Christ's death, by allowing the courts and magistrates to perfect the instru- ments necessary for this purpose. These cus- toms, sanctioned by a decree of Valentinian I. in 367, were embodied by Justinian in his code. The same spirit afterward pervaded the manners and legislation of western peo- ples. In England and Ireland Good Friday is a legal holiday as well as a fast day. The practice of breakfasting on hot cross buns on this day is still kept up in the English cities, and is also common in the United States. In the north of England it is customary to eat herb puddings in which a principal ingredient is the "passion dock," which in fructification produces fancied representations of the cross, nails, hammer, &c. The English kings were wont in ancient times to hallow rings on Good Friday, to preserve the wearers from epilepsy. The Protestant Episcopal, Lutheran, and Re- formed churches, as well as many Methodists, observe the day by fasting and special services. GOOD HOPE, Cape of. See CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. GOODHUE, a S. E. county of Minnesota, bor- dering on the Mississippi, separated from Wis- consin by Lake Pepin, and watered by Cannon river ; area, about 650 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 22,618. The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil fertile. It is traversed by the river division of the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,815,603 bushels of wheat, 209,790 of Indian corn, 825,301 of oats, 81,878 of barley, 85,390 of potatoes, 470,201 Ibs. of butter, and 31,- 468 tons of hay. There were 6,766 horses, 6,485 milch cows, 9,021 other cattle, 6,241 sheep, and 6,671 swine; 2 manufactories of agricultural implements, 5 of carriages, 4 of barrels, 3 of furniture, 8 of saddles and har- ness, 5 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 1 of woollen goods, 4 saw mills, 8 flour mills, and 5 breweries. Capital, Red Wing. GOODRICH. I. Eliznr, an American clergy- man, born in Wethersfield, Conn., Oct. 26, 1734, died in Norfolk, Conn., Nov. 21, 1797. He graduated at Yale college in 1752, and was tutor there in 1755. In the busiest scenes of his subsequent ministry he rarely failed to cal-
