118 GORITZ of either the gorilla or the chimpanzee, on ac- count of their resemblance to man. GOKITZ. See GOBZ. GOR&HIS, the dominant people of Nepaul in India. Little is known of their history un- til about 1768, when, having consolidated or conquered the petty independent tribes among whom Nepaul was parcelled out, they found themselves masters of the whole of that coun- try, and eventually of almost the entire alpine region, as it is called, of northern India. Hav- ing invaded Thibet in 1790, they were defeated by the Chinese, to whom the lamas had applied for assistance, and during a short period they remained in nominal subjection to the celestial empire; but in 1792 their independence was recognized by a commercial treaty with the East India company. A few years later they were involved in a war with the British. (See NEPAUL.) The Gorkhas are of Mongol ori- gin, but smaller and darker than the Chinese. They are seldom over 5 ft. high, are hardy and active, and make good soldiers. They form a valuable portion of the native troops enlisted in the British army, and won the enthusiastic praise of the English officers by their uniform fidelity during the sepoy revolt of 1857-'8, and their services in the field, particularly during the Delhi campaign. They are Hindoos in re- ligion, but unlike Hindoos in appearance, cus- toms, and freedom from caste prejudice. GORKUM, or Gorenm (Dutch, Gorinchem), a fortified town of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, on the right bank of the Maas, 22 m. S. E. of Rotterdam ; pop. about 10,000. It has a college, a scientific society, the ancient church of St. Vincent containing the tombs of the lords of Arkel, and the town hall adorned with remarkable paintings. It has a consider- able trade in corn, hemp, butter, cheese, sal- mon, and Frisian horses; there are also yards for boat building, and extensive rope walks. A canal from Gorkum to Vianen unites the Leek with the Maas. Gorkum acquired importance in the 14th century, was considered the key of Holland at the beginning of the French revolu- tion, and was ruined by an inundation in 1809. The martyrs of Gorkum is the name given in the Roman Marty rology to 19 persons (17 priests regular and secular, and two Franciscan lay brothers) put to death by William de la Marck and his gueux de la mer in 1572. They were beatified by Pope Clement X. Nov. 24, 1673, and their feast is held on July 9, the an- niversary of their death. GOKLITZ, a town of Prussian Silesia, situated on an eminence which overhangs the left bank of the Neisse, and on the Dresden and Breslau railway, 53 m. E. of Dresden; pop. in 1871, 42,224. It consists of the inner town, which is unrounded ith -alU having 11 gates, and the suburbs. The Gothic Protestant church of Sts. Peter an<l Paul lias a famous organ. A fine Gothic buildini: was erected for the gymnasium in 1856. The t.iwn H the seat of several scien- tific and literary societies. The town hall con- GORRES tains a large library. The manufactures are linen and woollen cloth, tobacco, starch, &c. Gorlitz was a city of great importance in the three centuries preceding the reformation, and the capital of Upper Lusatia; it then declined, but of late the population has rapidly increased in consequence of the flourishing industry. GOKKES. I. Jakob Joseph von, a German au- thor, born in Coblentz, Jan. 25, 1776, 'died in Munich, Jan. 29, 1848. After the proclama- tion of the French republic he gave up the study of medicine to devote himself to politics. His ardent republicanism showed itself in his first writings, and caused the suppression of a periodical published by him. In 1799 he went to Paris at the head of a deputation sent by the German provinces on the left bank of the Rhine to prepare the way for a complete union with France. Bonaparte, just raised to power by the coup d'etat of the 18th Brumaire, could not find time to confer with the German deputa- tion, and Gorres returned homfe with his repub- lican hopes much weakened. After his return he was appointed professor of natural sciences in the college of Coblentz, and he soon after- ward published several philosophical works, all pervaded with the prevalent idealism. In 1803 he lectured in the university of Heidel- berg, where he resided till 1808, publishing Die deutschen Volksbucher, and editing the Einsie- dlerzeitung. Returning to Coblentz, he pub- lished several works on Asiatic mythology and German mediaeval literature. In 1814, after the fall of Napoleon, he established Der Ehei- nische Mercur, which advocated the restoration of the German empire ; it was suppressed by the Prussian government in 1816. In 1820 appeared his Deutsehland und die Revolution, warning sovereigns that a new revolution was inevitable unless God and the Catholic church were made supreme in the restored political state. In 1827, after having resided in France and Switzerland, he was appointed professor of history in the university of Munich. The diffi- culty which arose in 1837 between the arch- bishop of Cologne and the Prussian govern- ment induced him to write his Athanatiut, in which he espoused the cause of the archbishop, and which had great influence on the Catholics of Germany. This he followed up by other writings, and he founded the periodical Histo- risch-politische Blatter, which took a leading part in Catholic literature. In 1844 he cnce more advocated the political union of Germany. In 1845 he was elected a member of the Mu- nich academy of science ; and he published about that time treatises on ethnology regard- ed as fragments of a comprehensive universal history, which he did not live to complete. His principal work is Christliche Mystik (4 vols., Ratisbon, 1836-'42 ). A complete edi- tion of his works, edited by his daughter, has been published (8 vols., Munich, 1856-'60). A sketch of his life was published by his pupil Sepp in 1848. II. Gnldo, a German author, son of the preceding, born in Coblentz, May
