232 GREEN LAKE to expose the greatest possible heating surface to the action of the fire. To economize heat, a flue to carry off the products of combustion from the boiler is sometimes run through the house. Ventilation is accomplished in various ways : in small houses by lifting or sliding the sashes, and in large ones by raising a portion of the upper part of the roof by proper ma- chinery. A water cistern is generally built under the floor of the greenhouse, into which the water from the roof is conducted. Shading is required as spring approaches, which is com- monly accomplished by washing the glass with ordinary lime wash, or with whiting and milk ; in some cases a screen of muslin is used, or a lattice work of narrow strips of wood. For the construction and management of commer- cial greenhouses, Henderson's " Practical Flo- riculture " may be consulted. " Choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants," by B. S. Williams, is one of the most recent English works ; and the amateur will find useful hints in " The Green- house as a Winter Garden," by F. E. Field. GREEN LAKE, a S. E. county of Wisconsin, intersected by Fox river ; area, 360 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 13,195. Green and Pacawa lakes, each about 9 m. long, are in the county. The surface is undulating and the soil produc- tive. The chief productions in 1870 were 614,247 bushels of wheat, 17,702 of rye, 251,- 822 of Indian corn, 300,814 of oats, 18,416 of barley, 11,800 of buckwheat, 91,343 of pota- toes, 362,598 Ibs. of butter, 119,214 of wool, 32,551 of hops, and 29,628 tons of hay. There were 4,108 horses, 4,353 milch cows, 5,403 other cattle, 31,501 sheep, and 4,659 swine ; 3 manufactories of boots and shoes, 15 of car- riages, 3 of cheese, 5 of clothing, 3 of barrels and casks, 4 of furniture, 1 of woollen goods, 1 saw mill, and 10 flour mills. Capital, Dartford. GREENLAND (Dan. and Ger. Gronland ; Fr. GroZnland), an extensive region belonging to Denmark, lying N. E. of the mainland of North America, from which and its outlying islands it is separated by Davis strait, Baffin bay, and the northward extensions of the lat- ter, known as Smith sound, Kennedy channel, and Robeson strait ; pop. in 1871, 9,825. Cape Farewell, its S. extremity, is a point on a small island, in lat. 59 49' N., Ion. 43 54' W., from which the E. coast extends N. E. to Cape Brewster, lat. 70, where it takes a more north- erly course and stretches toward the pole to an unknown distance. The S. part of this coast is washed by the Greenland sea, a por- tion of the N. Atlantic, and the N. part by the Arctic ocean. Iceland, which is distant about Hio in., is separated from it by Denmark strait. The W. coast pursues a N. N. W. direction to Cape Alexander, its westernmost extremity, about lat. 78 10', Ion. 73 30', where it turns N. E. and extends beyond lat. 82. According to the report of two of the crew of the Polaris, it terminates about lat. 83, and trends thence E., thus indicating the insularity of Greenland. A channel about 60 m. wide, running E. and GREENLAND W., is said to have been seen on the north, and beyond it the lofty hills of a polar land. The E. coast is practically inaccessible on account of the drift ice, which, borne S. by the polar current, sometimes fills the entire sea between it and Iceland, and forms a barrier around Cape Farewell extending more than 100 m. seaward. The outline of this coast is rugged and barren, with cliffs and lofty precipices which are visible far out at sea. A number of inlets, the principal of which are Scoresby and Davy sounds, extend an unknown dis- tance into the interior. Henry Hudson ex- plored this coast in 1607, in an attempt to make the N. W. passage, and named a cape in lat. 73 30' Hold with Hope. It was visited by Scoresby in 1822, Clavering and Sabine in 1823, Graah in 1829 and 1830, and Hegeman in 1870, all of whom confirm the accounts of its ruggedness and inaccessibility. The W. coast is better known. It is generally rocky and high, but sometimes flattens into low val- leys, penetrated by numerous inlets and fiords, some of which extend far inland. Into most of these come down glaciers from the great gla- cier which appears to cover the whole interior. About lat. 70 is Disco island, lying in the mouth of Disco bay, and numerous smaller islands line the entire coast. Melville bay is a large and wide indentation, usually filled with floating ice. Its N. shore is formed by Hayes peninsula, into which makes Wolstenholme sound. Inglefield gulf is the next indentation, N. of which lies Prudhoe land. In the W. ex- tremity of this is Lifeboat cove, the winter quarters of the Polaris in 1872-'3. Further N. is the great Humboldt glacier, which extends over almost an entire degree of latitude, be- tween lat. 79 and 80. The whole coast here is a mer de glace formed by the crowding to- ward the sea of the glaciers, which, raised final- ly by the water beneath, break off with loud detonations, and floating free become icebergs. This is one of the principal sources of the ice- bergs of the N. Atlantic. Next is a peninsula called Washington land, with South fiord on its N. side, an inlet opening into Hall basin and extending far inland. Above Hall basin is Robeson strait, first explored in 1871 by Capt. Charles F. Hall, who named the several har- bors along the coast Polaris bay, Thank God bay, Newman bay, and Repulse harbor. In Thank God bay, lat. 81 38', the Polaris made her winter quarters in 1871-'2. Dr. Pingel, a Danish naturalist, has established the fact that the W. coast from lat. 60 to 70 is gradually sinking at the rate of several feet in a century. At numerous places are submerged ruins, some not more than 75 years old, and the present Greenlanders avoid building near the water's edge. The interior is buried under a colossal mass of ice, which conceals all the minor ridges and valleys, and permits but a few steep moun- tains to protrude. This ice is continually mov- ing seaward, a very small part of it eastward and the rest westward. The greatest discharge
