376 HAGAR HAG FISH exercise by pious Mussulmans ; and the princi- pal oriental commentators occupy themselves with allegorizing and spiritualizing his expres- sions. A Persian edition was published at Calcutta in 1791 ; and later eastern editions are those of Bombay (1828 and 1850), Cairo (1834), and Constantinople (1840), with the commentary of Sudi. Dr. Thomas Hyde, the first English 'orientalist who studied the poems of Hafiz, translated into Latin his first gazel, with the Turkish commentary of Feridun. Others of them were translated into Latin by Rzewuski and Sir William Jones. The whole Divan was translated into German by Von Hammer (2 vols., Tubingen, 1812-'15), and sev- eral of the gazels into English by Richardson (1774), Nott (1787), and Hindley (1800). HAGAR, an Egyptian servant belonging to Sarah, who, being childless, gave her to her husband Abraham, that by her as a substitute she might be blessed with children. Her de- scendants are called in the Bible Hagarites or Hagarenes, from herself, and Ishmaelites, from her son Isbmael. The Arabs, who claim de- scent from her son, regard her with veneration, and speak of her as Abraham's lawful wife. HAGEN, a town of Prussia, in the province of Westphalia, on the Volme and Empe, and on the Dortmund and Dusseldorf railway, 24 m. W. of Arnsberg; pop. in 1871, 13,445. It has two Catholic churches, a Protestant church, a synagogue, a chamber of commerce, and a trade school. Iron and steel ware, tobacco, paper, and cloth are manufactured. There are also wire-drawing and copper-rolling works. HAGE1V, Ernst August, a German author, born in Konigsberg, April 12, 1797. While at the university of his native city he wrote a ro- mance, Olfrid und Lisena (1820). In 1821 he visited Rome, and in 1824 lectured at Konigs- berg on the history of art and literature ; and in 1825 he was appointed professor in this de- partment. As founder of the Prussian anti- quarian society at Konigsberg, he edited (1846 -'57) the Neue preussische Provinzialblatter. He published the art histories, Norica (Bres- lau, 1827; English translation, London, 1851), Die Chfonik seiner Vaterstadt vom Florentiner Ghiberti (Leipsic, 1833), and Wunder der hei- ligen Katharina von Siena, and Leonardo da Vinci in Mailand (1840). Among his other works are Die deutsche Kunst in unserm Jahr- hundert (1857), and AchtJahre aus dem Leben Michel Angela BuonarottPs (1864). HAGEXAU (Fr. Haguenau), a city of Germany, in Alsace, on the Moder, in the midst of a large forest called the Hagenauer Wald, 16 m. N. by E. of Strasburg; pop. in 1871, 11,331. It is surrounded by ancient walls flanked with towers. There are five churches, of which that of St. Nicholas was built in the 13th cen- tury and St. George's in the 12th, a commu- nal college, manufactories of woollen and cot- ton, tanneries, breweries, and hemp mills, and a considerable trade in timber, wool, madder, and hops. It was founded about the middle of the 12th century, and fortified by the em- peror Frederick I. In 1423 it was pawned by the emperor Sigismund to the elector palatine, but was redeemed by Ferdinand I. in 1558, and afterward belonged to the house of Haps- burg, until by the peace of Westphalia (1648) it came to France. There were bloody encoun- ters near Hagenau, between the French and Austrians, Oct. 17 and Dec. 22, 1793; but it was retained by the French until the war of 1870 gave Alsace to Germany. HAGENBACH, Karl Rndolf, a German histo- rian, born in Basel, March 4, 1801, died there, June 7, 1874. He studied at Basel, Bonn, and Berlin, adopted the views of Schleiermacher, and in 1828 became professor of theology at Basel. He resigned his professorship shortly before his death. Among his works are: Tdbellarische Uebersicht der Dogme^geschichte (1828) ; EncyTclopddie und Methodologie der theologischen Wissenschaften (1833 ; 7th ed., 1864); Vorlesungenuber Wesenund Geschichte der Reformation (6 vols., 1834-'43 ; 2d ed., 1851-' 6) ; Kirchengeschiehte des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts (2 vols., 2d ed., 1848-'9 ; English translation, " History of the Church in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries," Lon- don, 1869); Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte (2 vols., 1840-'41; 4th ed., 1857; English translation, " History of Doctrines," 3d ed., Edinburgh, 1858); Oeschichte der theologischen Schule Basels (1860) ; Grundlinien der Homi- letiTc und Liturgik (1863); and Vorlesungen uber die Kirchengeschiehte von der dltesten Zeit bis sum 19. Jahrhundert (new and re- vised complete ed., 1868-72). He has also published a poem, Luther und seine Zeit (1838), and Gedichte (1846; 2d ed., 1863); and since 1845 he has edited the Kirchenblatt fur die reformirte Schweiz. HAGERSTOWN, a city and the capital of Wash- ington co., Maryland, on the W. bank of An- tietam creek, 22 m. above its entrance into the Potomac, and at the intersection of the Cumberland Valley and Western Maryland railroads with the Washington County branch of the Baltimore and Ohio line, 60 m. W. N. W. of Baltimore; pop. in 1860, 4,132; in 1870, 5,779, of whom 869 were colored. It has broad streets, is built mostly of brick and stone, and contains a handsome court house, recently erected at a cost of $77,000. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural region, and has considerable trade. There are two iron founderies, a manufactory of agricultural im- plements, an extensive flour mill, two sash and door factories, an extensive bone mill, a tannery, and a national and a state bank, with an aggregate capital of $250,000. About 7 m. S. of Hagerstown is the college of St. James, an Episcopal institution. The city, besides several public schools, contains a female semi- nary, an academy for boys, a daily, a semi- weekly, and three weekly newspapers, and 12 churches, of which two are for colored people* HAG FISH. See MYXINOIDS.
