400 HALL (1607; translated into English by John Healey under the title " Discovery of a new World, or a Description of South Indies hitherto un- known," London, without date) ; " Contem- plations on the Old and New Testaments;" " Paraphrases on Hard Texts ;" " Epistles," and several volumes of sermons and de- votional and polemical works. His satires, " Virgidemiarum, six Bookes " (1597-'8), have been highly praised by Pope, Warton, and Campbell, and disparaged by Hallam. An edition of his works has been published, with an autobiography, and notes by Josiah Pratt (10 vols., London, 1808), and a later and better one by Peter Hall (12 vols., Oxford, 1837-'9). HALL, Lyniiin, one of the signers of the Dec- laration of Independence, born in Connecti- cut in 1725, died in Burke co., Ga., Oct. 19, 1790. He graduated at Yale college in 1747, studied medicine, and removed in 1752 to South Carolina, and the same year to Sun- bury, Ga., where he engaged in the practice of his profession. At the opening of the rev- olution he was influential in inducing Georgia to join the confederacy. In 1775 he was cho- sen a member of congress, and was annually reelected till 1780. Georgia had in the mean time fallen under the power of the British, who confiscated all his property. He was elected governor of Georgia in 1783, and served for one term; after which he retired from public life. HALL, Marshall, an English physician, born at Basford, Nottinghamshire, in 1790, died in Brighton, Aug. 11, 1857. At the age of 19 he went to the university of Edinburgh and stud- ied medicine and chemistry. In the latter de- partment he pointed out the distinction be- tween .all chemical bodies, which ruled their chemical affinities, caused by the presence or absence of oxygen. From his study at this time of morbid anatomy in close connection with clinical medicine resulted his "Treatise on Diagnosis." Having taken his degree of M. D. in 1812, he was for two years house phy- sician at the royal infirmary in Edinburgh, then visited the medical schools of Paris, Ber- lin, and Gottingen, and settled in Nottingham in 1815. He soon obtained a large practice, was appointed physician to the general hospi- tal of the city, and became a valuable contrib- utor to the literature of his profession. His "Treatise on Diagnosis" (1817) has in the main stood the test of 60 years' trial. " Com- mentaries on various Diseases peculiar to Women" (1827) is still a standard book of reference. In 1826 he removed to London, where he prosecuted his researches. In 1853- '4 he visited the United States, Canada, and Cuba, and published "The Twofold Slavery of the United States." Among his most impor- tant discoveries is the method now known by his name for treating asphyxia. (See DROWN- ING.) In addition to the works already men- tioned, he published " Principles of the Theory and Practice of Medicine " (London, 1837) ; "Observations and Suggestions in Medicine" (2 vols. 8vo) ; and several important treatises on the nervous system. HALL, Newman, an English clergyman, born in 1816. He studied at Totteridge and at Highbury college, and took the degree of A. B. at the London university ; and in 1855 he took that of LL. B. and won the law scholarship. In 1842 he became minister of the Albion Con- gregational church, Hull. In 1854 he removed to London, where he became pastor of Surrey chapel, Blackfriars road, known as Rowland Hill's chapel. In 1850 he opposed the general cry against what was called papal aggression. After the close of the American civil war, du- ring which he had advocated the cause of the Union, he visited the United States, spoke fre- quently in the interest of international friend- ship, and preached before congress. In 1866 he was elected chairman of the Congregational union. He has been an earnest advocate of total abstinence, and has established at his chapel weekly lectures on secular subjects for the common people. Although he is a non- conformist, he uses the liturgical service of the church of England. He again visited the Uni- ted States in 1873, and lectured in several cities. He has published " The Christian Phi- losopher," an account of the death of William Gordon (London, 1849) ; " The Land of the Forum and the Vatican " (1853) ; " Lectures in America" (New York, 1868); "Sermons, and History of Surrey Chapel " (1868) ; " From Liverpool to St. Louis " (London, 1869) ; and " Pilgrim Songs," a volume of devotional poe- try (1871). He has also published a number of tracts on temperance and religious subjects, of one of which, entitled " Come to Jesus," more than 1,500,000 copies have been printed in England, and it has been translated into about 30 languages. Most of his works have been republished and widely circulated in the United States. He has also edited the auto- biography of his father, John Vine Hall. HALL, Robert, an English preacher, born at Arnsby, Leicestershire, May 2, 1764, died in Bristol, Feb. 21, 1831. While still a boy his favorite works were Edwards " On the Will " and Butler's "Analogy," which he was able to analyze and intelligently discuss at 9 years of age. When he was 11 years old his master informed his father that he was entirely unable to keep up with his young pupil. At 16 he entered the university of Aberdeen, where he became the friend of Mackintosh, who says that he was " fascinated by the brilliancy and acu- men of Hall, in love with his cordiality and ardor, and awe-struck by the transparency of his conduct and the purity of his principles," and that "from his discussions with him he learned more as to principle than from all the books he ever read." In 1783, while still con- tinuing his studies at Aberdeen, he became as- sistant pastor of Broadmead church in Bristol. In 1790 he removed to Cambridge, where he became pastor of the Baptist church, and rose
