410 HAMBLEN HAMBURG It contains a castle of the middle ages called Kastanienburg. A celebrated political gath- ering, known as the Hambacher Fest, was held here, May 27, 1832, by 30,000 persons, for the purpose of agitating and preparing "the re- generation of Germany as a free country." Sie- benpfeiffer, Wirth, and other leaders were in- dicted on June 28; and a sanguinary conflict took place on the first anniversary of the gath- ering between the soldiery and the citizens, the Bavarian government having prohibited its celebration. The castle was presented in 1842 to the crown prince, the late king of Bavaria, and called after him Maxburg. It was greatly damaged during the revolution of 1849. HAMBLEN, an E. county of Tennessee, formed since the census of 1870, bounded N. W. by Holston river and S. E. by the French Broad ; area, about 150 sq. m. It is traversed by high ridges and fertile valleys, belonging to the Al- leghany range. Iron ore is found. The East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia, and the Cin- cinnati, Cumberland Gap, and Charleston rail- roads cross it. The assessed value of property in 1871 was $1,451,819. Capital, Morristown. HAMBURG. I. A free state of the German empire, comprising the city of Hamburg with its suburbs, the district of Geest, and the baili- wicks of Bergedorf and Ritzebiittel ; area, 158 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 338,974, of whom the greater part are Lutherans, with 7,748 Roman Catholics and 13,796 Jews. The principal towns belonging to the territory of Hamburg are Barmbeck, Bergedorf, Borgfelde, Cuxha- ven, Eilbeck, Eimsbtittel, Hamm, Hohenfelde, Ritzebiittel, and Uhlenhorst. The state has one vote in the federal council, and sends three deputies to the German Reichstag. Its army is incorporated with the Prussian army, and its burgher guard no longer exists, having been disbanded in 1868. By the constitution which went into force Jan. 1, 1861, the government consists of a senate of 18 members and a house of burgesses of 192 members. The members of the senate are elected for life, though a senator may retire after ten years. The sena- tors elect from among themselves a first and a second burgomaster, who hold their office for one year. Nine senators must have studied law, and the other nine are usually merchants. Of the burgesses, 84 are chosen by general election, 48 are owners of real estate elected by the property holders, and 60 are represen- tatives of the courts and the administration ; their term is six years, and half the number are elected every three years. The revenue is Hamburg. derived mainly from direct taxes, principally the income tax, and the disbursements include the maintenance of unobstructed navigation of the Elbe, over which from the port to the mouth Hamburg has entire jurisdiction. The budget for 1873 estimated the revenue at $4,- 716,000, the expenditure at $4,924,000, and the public debt at $9,051,000. II. One of the three free cities of Germany, on the N. bank of the Elbe, at the mouth of the Alster, 60 m. N. E. of Bremen, and 33 m. S. W. of Liibeck ; lat. 53 32' 51" K, Ion. 9 58' 33" E. ; pop. in 1871, 240,251. The Alster, a tributary of the Elbe, flows through the city and forms two basins, the outer and the inner Alster, and numerous canals intersect the city and communicate with both rivers. A magnificent bridge, begun in 1868 and finished in 1872, crosses the Elbe, and 60 other bridges span the rivers and ca- nals. The old and new Jungfernstieg "around
