458 HAKE the Rev. Robert Hare, rector of Herstmon- ceaux, and grandson of Bishop Francis Hare. After passing some time on the continent, he studied at the Charterhouse school, and was removed in 1812 to Trinity college, Cambridge, where he remained, with a brief interval, for 20 years; he became a fellow in 1818, and assistant tutor in 1822. During this period he applied himself especially to classical and philological learning, German literature, and the writings of Coleridge and Wordsworth. In 1827 appeared the first series of " Guesses at Truth, by Two Brothers," a volume of mis- cellaneous apophthegms and reflections, the joint production of himself and his elder bro- ther, Augustus William. A second edition ap- peared in 1838 with additions by himself, and from the posthumous papers of his brother ; a second series was published in 1848, and sev- eral editions have since been issued. At Cam- bridge he united with Thirlwall in translating the first two volumes of the second edition of Niebuhr's " History of Rome " (1828-'32), and lie published in 1829 a vindication of the work from the charges of the "Quarterly Review." He also contributed largely to the " Philological Museum." He became rector of Herstmon- ceaux in 1832, archdeacon of Lewes in 1840, prebendary of Chichester in 1851, and chaplain to the queen in 1853. Soon after settling at Herstmonceaux he married the sister of his friend the Rev. F. D. Maurice, and began his intimacy with Bunsen, who dedicated to him the first volume of " Hippolytus and his Age." His collected works would form a commentary on the leading events of a quarter of a century having special reference to the church of Eng- land. Besides several volumes of sermons and miscellaneous pamphlets on church questions, his principal later publications were: "The Means of Unity, a Charge, with Notes " (1847) ; " The Duty of the Church in Times of Trial " (1848); "The True Remedy for the Evils of the Age " (1850) ; " A Letter to the Hon. R. Cavendish, on the recent Judgment of the Court of Appeal as affecting the Doctrine of the Church" (1850); "The Contest with Rome" (1852); "A Vindication of Luther against some of his recent English Assailants " (1854); and an edition of the "Essays and Tales of John Sterling, with a Memoir" (2 vols., 1848). II. Augustus William, brother of the preceding, born at Herstmonceaux in 1793, died in Rome, Feb. 18, 1834. He was a fellow of New college, Oxford, and became rector of Alton Barnes in 1829. He was associate au- thor of the first series of " Guesses at Truth," and published " Sermons to a Country Congre- gation" (2 vols., London, 1837). III. Augustas Julias Charles, nephew of the preceding, born in Rome, March 13, 1834. He has published "Epitaphs for Country Churchyards" (1856); "Winter at Mentone " (1862); "Walks in Rome " (1871) ; Wanderings in Spain " (1873) ; and "Memorials of a Quiet Life" (1872), which are records of the Hare family. HARE, Robert, an American physicist, born in Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1781, died there, May 15, 1858. His father, an English emigrant, settled in Philadelphia, and established there an extensive brewery, and his son in early life managed the business. His tastes, however, led him to scientific pursuits. He attended the courses of lectures on chemistry and phys- ical sciences, and before he was 20 years of age joined the chemical society of Philadelphia, to which in 1801 he communicated a descrip- tion of his important scientific invention, the oxyhydrogen blowpipe, which he then called the hydrostatic blowpipe, and which was after- ward named by Prof. Silliman the compound blowpipe. (See BLOWPIPE.) At this period the subject of combustion was very imperfectly understood, and even Lavoisier, who had dis- covered that heat sufficiently intense to fuse alumina might be obtained by directing a jet of oxygen upon charcoal, and who had burned the elements of water together to produce this fluid, failed to discover that by this union of hydrogen and oxygen in combustion the most intense degree of heat known might be ob- tained. By means of this apparatus Hare was the first to render lime, magnesia, iridium, and platinum fusible in any considerable quantity. In addition to these discoveries he first an- nounced that steam is not condensable when combined in equal parts with the vapor of carbon. In 1818 he was appointed professor of chemistry in the medical school of the uni- versity of Pennsylvania, and continued in this office till his resignation in 1847. His course of instruction was marked by the originality of his experiments and of the apparatus he employed. His instruments, often designed and sometimes made by himself, were always of large dimensions and of the most perfect plans ; no expense nor personal labor being spared to render every piece of apparatus as complete as possible. The great collection which he accumulated he bestowed, after re- signing his office in the university, upon the Smithsonian institution. One of the most useful small instruments of his invention is the valve cock or gallows screw, by means of which perfectly air-tight communication is made between cavities in separate pieces of apparatus. To his zeal and skill in devising and constructing improved forms of the voltaic pile, American chemists are indebted for the success they attained in applying the intense powers of extended series of voltaic couples long in advance of the general use of similar combinations in Europe. In 1816 he invented the calorimotor, a form of battery by which a large amount of heat is produced with little intensity. With the modified form of it called the deflagrator, devised in 1820, Prof. Silliman succeeded in 1823 in volatilizing and fusing carbon. The perfection of these forms of ap- paratus was acknowledged by Faraday, who adopted them in preference to any forms he could devise. It was with these batteries that
