HAKBIS HARRISBURG 479 the existing order of Christendom was in its last stages and should be followed by anoth- er resulting from a " new respiration, breath- ed through the heavens by the Lord." They believe that inmostly God dwells with all men, but that personally and corporeally all are en rapport with good and evil spirits ; that self-love and self-indulgence corrupt and de- grade the person till the divine likeness is effaced and the man becomes a devil ; that salvation is neither by natural progression, nor philosophical self-culture, nor justifying faith, but that man only becomes free from his evils, and from the tyranny and inspiration of evil spirits, through self-renunciation and a life of unselfish labor for humanity ; but that in this latter case both spirit and body may )me regenerate and pure. They hold that God is Two-in-one, infinite in fatherhood and motherhood, and that all who become angels Ind their counterparts of sex and become two- in-one to eternity ; hence they recognize in marriage not only a pure ordinance, but the ibol of the holiest of divine mysteries. They hold that the Christian church of the future will not be an ecclesiasticism, but a pure and free society, not communistic, but fraternal ind cooperative. Mr. Harris's principal prose works are : " Wisdom of Angels " (1856) ; " Arcana of Christianity " (1857, 1866) ; " Truth id Life in Jesus" (1859); "Modern Spirit- ualism, its Truths and Errors" (1860); "Ser- >ns and Lectures " (1860) ; " Millennial Age " (1860); "Breath of God with Man" (1866). lis poetical works are : " Starry Heavens " (1853) ; " Lyric of the Morning Land " (1854) ; "Lyric of the Golden Age" (1856); " Regi- ," (1859); "Hymns of Spiritual Devotion" 1856-'8) ; " The Great Republic " (1866). HARRIS, William, an American clergyman, born in Springfield, Mass., April 29, 1765, died Oct. 18, 1829. He graduated at Harvard col- lege in 1786, was ordained priest in the Epis- copal church in 1792, and took charge at once of the church and academy in Marblehead, Mass. In 1802 he became rector of St. Mark's church in New York, where he established a classical school. He was chosen in 1811 to succeed Bishop Moore as president of Columbia college, and for six years retained his rector- ship in connection with this office. He was assisted in the duties of the presidency by Dr. J. M. Mason, under the title of provost, an of- fice which was abolished in 1816 ; from which time until his death Dr. Harris devoted himself entirely to the college. HARRIS, William Torrey, an American philoso- pher, born in Killingly, Conn., Sept. 10, 1835. He entered Yale college in 1854, but did not graduate. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by the college in 1869. In 1857 he went to St. Louis, and in the following year became a teacher in one of the public schools. Ten years later he was made superintendent of schools, a post which he still holds (1874). He was one of the founders of the philosophi- 391 VOL. vm. 31 cal society of St. Louis in 1866, and in 1867 es- tablished the " Journal of Speculative Philoso- phy," a quarterly magazine which he continues to edit, and to which he has contributed many philosophical articles of his own, besides trans- lations of the principal works of Hegel. The "Journal" has also published translations from Leibnitz, Descartes, Kant, Fichte, and Schelling, and from recent German and Italian philosophers, and many remarkable papers on art. In 1874 Mr. Harris was elected president of the " National Teachers' Association." HARRISBURG, a city, county seat of Dauphin co., Pennsylvania, and capital of the state, sit- uated on the E. bank of the Susquehanna river, here spanned by a public and a railroad bridge, 95 m. W. by N. of Philadelphia ; lat. 40 16' N., Ion. 76 50' W.; pop. in 1850, 7,834; in 1860, 13,405; in 1870, 23,104, of whom 2,795 were foreigners. The river at this point is a mile wide, and is divided by an island in the middle. The city is hand- somely built, and is surrounded by magnificent scenery. The state house, finely situated on an eminence near the centre, is a handsome brick building, 180 ft. long by 80 ft. wide, with a circular Ionic portico in front surmounted by a dome commanding a fine view. It was begun in 1819, and occupied for the first time on Jan. 28, 1822. There is a smaller building of similar design on each side of it, devoted to government uses. The county court house, in Market street, is a stately brick edifice, sur- mounted by a dome. The state lunatic asylum, N. of the city, was opened in 1851, and in 1874 had 408 inmates. The other principal public buildings are the market houses, county pris- on, eight large brick school houses, a fine ma- sonic hall, and several churches. Front street, overlooking the river, affords the most attrac- tive promenade in the city, and contains many of the finest residences. Harris park is a handsome public square, and at the intersec- tion of State and Second streets is a monument erected in memory of the soldiers of the county who fell in the civil war. Harrisburg is sur- rounded by a fertile region, abounding in coal and iron ore, and has ample means of commu- nication with Philadelphia, Baltimore, and the west by the Pennsylvania canal, and the Penn- sylvania Central, the Cumberland Valley, the Northern Central, the Lebanon Valley, and the Schuylkill and Susquehanna railroads. The manufactures, particularly of iron, are exten- sive. The principal establishments are 10 iron founderies, 2 machine shops, a rolling mill, a manufactory of nails, 2 of steam engines, one each of files, cars, coaches, cement pipe, pot- tery, brooms, soap, and hose and belting, 4 of carriages, 2 of cigar boxes, a cotton mill, a knitting mill, 4 planing and saw mills, 2 tan- ning and currying establishments, and 6 brew- eries. The Lochiel iron company manufactures bar and railroad iron. There are six banks, with an aggregate capital of $650,000. The city is divided into 9 wards, and is governed by
