HAUTE HARTFORD 485 tumn scenery. He was one of the first to en- courage the establishment of the American water-color society, and for three years was its president. His water-colors as well as his oil paintings are remarkable for the beauty of their skies. HARTE, Francis Bret, an American author, born in Albany, N. Y., Aug. 25, 1839. His father, who was a teacher in a girls' seminary, died when he was very young. In 1854 Bret went to California, where for three years he wan- dered about among the mining camps, digging for gold, teaching school, and finally acting as an express messenger, but meeting with very little pecuniary success in any of these occupa- tions. In 1857 he went to work in San Fran- sisco as a compositor in the office of the " Golden Era." To this journal he contributed sketches of California life, many of which he himself put into type. After a time he was transferred the editorial room, and still later he became litor of the " Calif ornian," a literary weekly. 1864 he was appointed secretary of the Inited States branch mint in San Francisco, which office he held for six years. Several of his short poems, contributed to San Francisco papers during this time, were widely copied universally admired. Among them are The Society upon the Stanislau," "The Plio- cene Skull," and " John Burns of Gettysburg." In July, 1868, the " Overland Monthly" was )mmenced, with Harte as its editor. To the iiigust number he contributed "The Luck of Roaring Camp," a story of mining life idealized, which marks the beginning of his highest work as a writer. In January, 1869, appeared in the same magazine " The Outcasts of Poker Flat," more realistic and in some respects more artistic than its predecessor. These were followed by numerous other stories in the same vein, but none of which have been quite so successful. In September, 1870, appeared his humorous poem entitled " Plain Language from Truthful James," popularly known as "The Heathen Chinee," which was very widely copied and juoted, and of which several illustrated editions and a facsimile of the original manuscript have been published. About this time he was ap- pointed professor of recent literature in the university of Calif ornia ; but in the spring of 1871 he resigned that chair, as well as the edi- torship of the " Overland," and visited the At- lantic cities, fixing his residence at New York. His " Condensed Novels," originally contrib- uted to the " Californian," in which he pa- rodied the styles of the leading writers of fic- tion, were collected and published in New York in 1867 (new ed., Boston, 1871). His other independent publications are: "Poems "and "Luck of Roaring Camp and other Sketches" (Boston, 1870) ; " East and West Poems " and " Poetical Works," illustrated (1871) ; " Mrs. Skaggs's Husbands" (1872); and illustrated editions of single poems. Since 1871 he has been a frequent contributor to the " Atlantic Monthly " and other periodicals. HARTE, Walter, an English author, born about 1700, died in Bath in 1774. He was educated at Oxford, took orders, and, after establishing a reputation as a preacher, became vice princi- pal of St. Mary's hall, Oxford. He travelled some years on the continent as tutor to the son of Lord Chesterfield, and was afterward ap- pointed canon of Windsor. He early formed an intimacy with Pope, whose style he imita- ted. In 1727 he published a volume of " Poems on several Occasions;" in 1730 an "Essay on Satire," in 1735 on "Reason," and in 1764 on "Husbandry." His principal work is the " History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus " (2 vols. 4to, London, 1759 ; 2 vols. 8vo, cor- rected and improved, 1763; new ed., 1807), which was translated into German, with notes, by J. G. Bohme. He left unfinished in manu- script a " History of the Thirty Years' War." HARTEBEEST. See ANTELOPE. HARTFORD, a N. county of Connecticut, bor- dering on Massachusetts, divided into two un- equal parts by the Connecticut river, and wa- tered by Farmington, Mill, Podunk, Scantic, and other rivers ; area, 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 109,007. The surface is much diversi- fied, part of the river valleys being alluvial and subject to inundation, while other portions of the county are hilly and even mountainous. Most of the soil is fertile and highly cultiva- ted ; the E. part is famous for excellent dairy farms. The Connecticut river is navigable by sloops to Hartford, and by small steamboats through the county, which is also intersected by several railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,458 bushels of wheat, 69,387 of rye, 217,502 of Indian corn, 119,335 of oats, 450,158 of potatoes, 1,301,352 Ibs. of butter, 103,406 of cheese, 5,830,209 of tobacco, 25,925 of wool, and 95,615 tons of hay. There were 7,062 horses, 16,657 milch cows, 5,742 work- ing oxen, 13,283 other cattle, 8,009 sheep, and 9,645 swine. There were 1,031 manufac- turing establishments, with an aggregate capi- tal of $21,259,828 ; annual value of products, $35,039,324. The most important were 7 manufactories of agricultural implements, 18 of carriages, 17 of clock cases and materials, 3 of clocks, 72 of clothing, 4 of cotton goods, 6 of cotton thread, &c., 6 of cutlery, 5 of axes and edge tools, 3 of firearms, 1 of gunpowder, 34 of hardware, 9 of hosiery, 23 of iron cast- ings, &c., 26 of machinery, 27 of paper, 7 of plated ware, 21 of saddlery and harness, 3 of silk goods, 61 of tobacco and cigars, 10 of wood work, 12 of woollen goods, 36 of bricks, 12 of furniture, 30 flour mills, 2 planing mills, 26 saw mills, 3 bookbinderies, and 12 printing establishments. Capital, Hartford. HARTFORD, a city in the town of the same name, seat of justice of Hartford co., and capi- tal of Connecticut, the second city in the state in point of population, situated on the W. bank of the Connecticut river, at the head of sloop navigation, 50 m. by the river from Long Island sound, 33 m. N. N. E. of New Haven, 100 m.
